Ananlysis of a star and Dyers theory- Miss Miller

Artists may feel the need to reinvent themselves as they may want to change the genre of music they are producing as they are either bored or want to try something new which will widen their target audience also. Also they may want audiences to perceive a different image of themselves which will bring in new fans however their risking of loosing their existing fans. For example Miley Cyrus target audience was younger audiences as she used to sing pop however she changed her image to more edgy and has more older fans now. Artists may also want to change their style if they have had bad press or a bad reputation in the past for example Chris Brown had to change his image so people will perceive him differently. Artists that have been around a long time may want to change their image so that their audience wont get bored and to gain more publicity which will promote them also. Artists such as Justin Bieber when he first became an artist he had mainly younger fans but now he has widen his audiences by changing his style slightly and has more older fans now.

Richard Dyer came up with the star theory. He said that the term 'star' refers to the semi mythological set of meanings constructed around music performers in order to sell the performer to a large and loyal audience. Common values of a star include:
-Youthfulness
-Rebellion
-Sexual Magnetisum
- An anti-authoration attitude
-Originality
-Creativity/Talent
-Aggression/Anger
-A disregard for social values relating to drugs, sex and good behaviour.
- Conspicious consumption, of sex, drugs and material goods
- Success againt the odds.
A star is an image not a real person that is constructed out of a range of materials. Stars are commodities produced and consumed on the strength of their meanings. Stars depend upon a range of subsidary media- Magazines, Tv, Rdio, the internet- in order to construct an image which can be marketed to their target audience. The star image is made up of a range of meanings which are attractive to the target audiences. The star image is coherent incomplete and open. The star image is based upon two paradoxes:
Paradox one
The star must be simutaneously ordinary and extraordinary for the consumer.
Paradox two
The star must be simultaneously ordinary and extraordinary for the consumer.

An artist that has significantly changed from when she first started as an artist to now is Miley Cyrus. The conventions and her messages has significantly changed throughout her career. Miley Cyrus's big career started in 2006 when she played the lead role in Disney Channel's 'Hannah Montana'  Due to the programme being based around her singing, her songs became really popular with the young teenage female audience and became an icon. She continued her signing career after the show and became known as a 'pop princess'. 

One of the first songs Miley Cyrus produced was "Start all over" in 2007. The music video is a typical rock/pop song and follows many conventions of the rock/pop genre. Within the music video Miley is wearing black, red and white clothing which portrays her as a rock star which is conventional to the rock/pop genre, she has also got blonde highlights in her hair which make the audience perceive her as different and unique. Her make up is also heavy which is conventional to the rock/pop genre. The music video is set in a realistic place such as a skate park along a street, this is very typical setting in a pop/rock genre. The audience will also be able to relate to her easily which will build a relationship between the artist and audience. The music video is just performance based as Miley is singing towards the camera for the duration of the music video.  Her target audience which are younger fans will look up to her and inspire to be like her.This allows the audience to remember who she is and shows her as a strong pop/rock artist. With in the music video at the end Miley performs to an audience, this again is typical of a pop/rock genre and promotes Miley as an popular artist. Overall "Start all over" conforms to typical characteristics of a rock/pop genre. 

Goodwins theory is present within "Start all over". There is a relationship between the lyrics and visuals. Within the chorus the lyrics are 'out of the fire and into the fire again' whilst Miley is dancing with the fire in the background. By doing this makes the music video more interesting to watch and easier especially as her target audience at this point were young girls. It also presents Miley as a unique artist to the audience as she is dancing near fire which may also present her as a strong rock/pop singer. 

Also within the music video the visuals match with music. Miley's dancing is within time of the music beat. This makes the video more interesting and easier to watch. It also makes Miley look like a good performer which presents her as a strong artist. 

Another Goodwins theory point within the music video is that the music video is just performance based. Miley is seen dancing and singing throughout the whole of the video. This allows the audience to see that she is a strong dancer and performer which builds a relationship between the artist and the audience. 

Within the music video I believe that Miley Cyrus was portrayed as an ordinary girl, average teenager through her clothing and realistic setting. This applies to the Dyers theory as Dyer believes that music industry models around the target audience they chose. He states that celebrities are modelled by the industry just to gain profit. Stars are constructed as real people who experience relateable things. Which Miley conforms to within this music video. 

This was Miley Cyrus's first song to start off her career therefore it can be argued that she wanted to keep her young fan base from which she gained from Hannah Montanna. 

I believe the target audience at this stage of her career were young girls 8-14 year olds due to the choreographed dancing and routine. Furthermore the clothes she's wearing and how she is acting is something young girls would look up to. The music video is also set in a realistic location so that the young fan base will look up to her. I also believe her target audience were young girls at this stage as she just finished her acting career from Hannah Montanna which gained a huge fan base of young girls.  

In this music video I believe Miley just promotes to young girls to be themselves and have fun as there isnt really a message within the music video. 

In 2010 Miley released "Cant be tamed" It demonstrated major change from her previous image and music in 2007/8. The music videos in itself is extremely different as we start to see that Miley's image is changing from girl next door to a unique image. The music genre is still in the rock/pop genre however this music video breaks the typical conventions of a pop/rock music video. We see Miley Cyrus within this music video wearing dark clothing which appears to be a bird costume with also dark make up which produces a goth effect which subverts to the rock/pop genre as artists within them are usually wearing bright clothing. The lighting also subverts the pop/rock typical conventions as the lighting within this music video is low key which produces an eerie atmosphere which is unconventional for a pop/rock music video. Her old music videos were set in bright realistic locations whereas this one is set within a bird cage which shows to the audience she'changing. Within this music video there is more of a rock dance routine which differs from her old dancing. Miley Cyrus within the video is presented as rebellious and dominant whereas in her old videos she came across as happy and well behaved, this shows the audience that she is trying to change her image so people perceive her differently.

There is a relationship between the visuals and music. The lyrics 'cant be tamed' link with the visuals of her being stuck in a bird cage. This shows the audience she is now wild and her image has changed. By having the visuals match with the music also helps the audience to watch the music video as they will understand the video better. 

There is also voyeuristic treatment of the female body within this music video as she dances throughout the whole of the video and the camera is just on her body. She is also wearing a black leather leotard which can be seen as revealing. This is done to show to the audience she is attractive and her target audience is males. Furthermore there are also males looking at her body within the music video which promotes her as an icon for men. 

The music matches with the visuals within the music video. Mileys dancing speed matches with the speed of the music therefore again promoting her as a good singer and dancer which shows she still is a strong artist. 

There are many close ups of Miley to be used for the demands of the record label. Close ups make the audience remember her and also makes her a product so that she is recognizable and can be indentified anywhere. By using close ups build a relationship between the audience and the artist as the audience can see her emotions clearly which makes them relate to her therefore they are more likely to buy her songs which will make a profit.  

Dyer states that a star is an image and not a real person. Stars are constructed through advertising, magazines, films and music videos. Within this music video I believe that Miley is constructed as an image not a real person due to the setting/location and her costume which shows to the audience she isnt a normal person. Also through her dancing shows her confidence and her unique style which allows the audience to idolise her as a product not a human being. Therefore she has been constructed to make a profit. Miley also shows rebellion, originality within her music video which follows dyers theory. 

Her target audience for this video has dramatically changed from the video before due to the nature of the music video and the way her image has changed from a typical teenage girl to a goth like women. In my opinion I believe her target audience has changed from young girls to 17-25 year old girls and boys. Her reputation has changed from the 'pop princess' to an outspoken girl through her costume, setting and cinematography throughout the video. Her image has changed dramatically and also her style of music therefore her target audience has changed. 

Within this music video she also gives out a different message to her previous song. In the other song she was just full of life dancing whereas this one conveys a different message. The theme and message of this song is about romance and sex which will change her target audience completely. She's trying to show the audience a different side of her to gain a more wider target audience. 

In 2013 Miley Cyrus produced "We cant stop" which shows again she has changed her image from her two previous videos. The genre of this music video has changed from pop/rock to hip hop however she breaks the conventions as she wants to shown as unique and diverse artist. Normally within a Hip hop music video you expect to see a narrative but also with performance such as dancing whereas within this music video its very random and you just see Miley partying with odd things occurring. Also you expect to see a club setting within a hip hop music video whereas in this music video its set in a house. The lighting also subverts the typical hip hop lighting within music videos, the lighting is high key with no strobe lighting which subverts the hip hop genre. I believe Miley Cyrus breaks the conventions to show audiences she is different and wants to be noticed. 

The visuals match the lyrics within the music video. For example "Dancing with Miley and on the screen are people dancing with Miley. I believe this is done to show that Miley has a high reputation therefore audiences will look up to her. It also makes the music video easier to watch therefore audience will engage more within the music video. 

There are many close ups of Miley throughout the music video. I believe this is done due to the demands of the record label. By having many close ups builds a relationship between the audience and artist as they can clearly see her facial expression therefore they will be able to relate to her easily. Also many close ups will mean they will be able to remember her easily also. 

There is also voyeuristic treatment of the female body. This is displayed by her provocative dancing and her revealing outfit. Also there are many shots of her body which show off her assests. The purpose of this is to show that she is a sex symbol and males find her attractive. It will also make other females inspire to be like her, also increasing her fan base. 

Dyers star theory states that stars are made just for money which can be argued why Miley has changed her image from girl next door pop princess to a raunchy sex icon, it illustrates to us that the star is treated like a product as she has changed her image to meet the demands of the record label. Dyers theory states that this is done so that it suits the audience and gives them what they want which will also benefit the institutions. Miley cyrus has become a brand an idenity in which people want to become like, they may change their hair cut to look like Mileys for example. 

Also Mileys behaviour within the music video will be copied as she is now a brand. 

Mileys target audience for this video has changed again to older teenagers due to the partying theme and getting drunk. I believe she has done this to show her audiences she can conform to different styles therefore she will build a big fan base. The content within the music video wouldn't appeal to her younger fan base. 

Miley has changed from the beginning of her career to now as she has got older but also the demands of the music industry has made her change her image to gain profit. By changing she has gained a different fan base and people perceive her differently. 

The message within this music video is to do drugs, have fun, party and do what you want. The song promotes drugs as a good thing due to the random stuff happening in the video and the happy artists within it. She has a more laid back approach towards drugs which promotes the audiences that shes out of control. 

In conclusion, from "start all over" to "We cant stop" we can see that Mileys image has significantly changed. Miley had a innocent image changing into more of a goth image to finally a raunchy sex icon. Audience can see her different styles. I believe she has changed so that she can gain publicity which will earn her and her record labels more profit. I also believe she has changed due to age therefore she didn't want her fan base to be young girls and wanted to attract more of a older fan base. By changing also shows the audience she can conform to different styles which will make her have a good reputation. 

This research will help me to choose an artist for my own music video as I can now see what conventions each genre conform therefore showing me what genre will be easiest to film. It also has taught me to how to target to a specific target audience through micro elements.

Applying for music copyright

Copyright is a legal concept which is enforced by governments in the UK, giving a creator of an original work exclusive rights to it. Copyright gives artists protection over there work for example The Beatles have used copyright to protect people from using their own songs. If the artist has died the public will be able to use their work. Some songs and albums have copyright protection meaning that you cannot record it onto another CD or burn it onto your computer as this would be breaking the law. If you use samples of music within your work for example you need to ask permission from the artist before you do so. 

My group needed to apply for copyright to be allowed to use the artists song which is Ed Sheeran - Runaway. If we didn't ask for permission our video would be taken off Youtube and we could also end up going to court for copying an artists song. To get permission from the artist we had to find our there record labels email and send an email to them asking for permission to use the song. 

This is the mail we sent to Ed Sheerans record label.











We are still waiting for a response from Ed's record label, we are aware that they are very busy and may not reply for a long time meaning that we have carried on with planning our music video. 

Analysis of music genres- Miss Georgiou

Music videos appeal to different audiences by the use of editing, camera shots and mise-en-scene. Music videos have different concepts to interest different types of audiences for example performance, concept or narrative. By having an appealing music video it will make the music seem more interesting also which will gain many more fans. Depending on what the music videos target audience is depends on what type of music video is created. For example Eminems music videos would may contain violence and dark settings due to the rap genre he sings. 

The first music video i analysed was 'over' by the artist Drake. Drake is a rap artist and many of his videos are conventional to the rap genre. When analysing the music video i specifically looked at micro elements such as mise-en-scene, cinematography and editing. 

During the music video there is a close up of drake. This is evident when drake is sitting on his bed singing looking up into the camera. By having this camera shot here helps to get across drakes feelings towards the audience better. By having a close up expresses his emotions and feelings more therefore the audience can have a better understanding of the lyrics and how he's feeling at that moment in time which will interest them more in the video. The lyrics whilst there is a close up on Drake is 'I know way to many people here right now that i didn't know last year' by having a close up here makes the audience feel sorry for him and are able to understand his emotions more.

 Another shot during the video is an high angle shot. This is evident when drake is sitting on the bed singing about women. By using  high angle also express drakes emotions and makes him look small which comes across to the audience that he's angry. By also using a high angle shot it expresses that he in in pain which the audience would want to carry on watching the video as they would like to learn more about how he is in pain. The shots that have been used are conventional to the rap genre as it demonstrates the artist emotions which is typical in the rap genre as they rap about how they are feeling. 

Within this video there is many editing that is being used. The different editing techniques not only interests the audiences more but helps the audience also understand what the song is about. Within the video there is different coloured tint and flashing lights(colour filters) throughout the video. The flashing lights which are fast paced show that Drakes life have sped up which helps the audience to understand the video. In one bit of the video there is flashing lights on his faces to show that Drake is isolated which links with the lyrics. The colour filters are mainly used at the beginning when Drake is in the bedroom. The colour of the tint is red and orange which suggests that Drake is in anger or in pain which interest the audience more. The coloured tints also represent that his life have changed which is why he is in anger. Another editing shot which is used is timing of shots. At the beginning of the video the timing of shots are slow where Drake is speaking about his life so that the audience can engage and understand the lyrics more, the tempo speeds up and Drake starts rapping, this is done to not only interest the audience but to show that drake is emotional as he is rapping directly into the camera.

The mise-en-scene that is evident within this helps the audience to understand how Drake is feeling. The costume that Drake is wearing is typical to the rap genre, he's wearing a red jacket with jeans and a few chains. The fact that the jacket is red is may shows that he is angry and in pain. It relates to the fact that he's going through a lot of emotions. Throughout the video Drakes costume changes when he switches locations, this suggests to the audience that he his emotions have changed from angry to happy. By having a conventional costume the audience are able to relate to him.Drakes positioning throughout the video is always in the centre of the camera, by having Drake in the centre promotes him as the main artist and the audiences should just have their focus on him. It builds a relationship with him and his target audience and shows to the audience that he is important. Behind Drake in one part of the video there are faded people walking behind him whilst he stands out which also shows the audience that he is the main artist and they should have their attention on him.

The second video I analysed was 'Club cant handle me' The genre of this music video was dance and the music video was very conventional to its genre. There are many camera shots within this video which promotes the artist and the location of the song (the club) There is a high angle shot when Flo Rida is on top of the audience showing a clear view to the audience of the club and that everyone is having a good time. It also promotes the artist as being fun which will produce more fans. The high angle especially shows that all the audience is enjoying the club which is conventional to the dance genre. By having a high angle when Flo Rida is on top of the crowd dancing shows that he is the main artist and everyone should have his focus on him. Also having a high angle shows the location of the music video which is the Club. 

Another shot that is used is a long shot right at the beginning of the video when Flo Rida is getting out of the sports car. By having a long shot of the cars and Flo Rida promotes him as being wealthy therefore audiences will inspire to be like him. Also by using a long shot on the car  makes the audience want to watch more of the video as it will interest them into his lifestyle. Within the long shot also we see that Flo Rida throws money, this shows the audience that he has a wealthy lifestyle which makes people inspire to him.

There are many editing shots used within the music video. There is a split screen being used where in one half of the screen people are trying to get into the club by running through different shops and the other half of the screen is people dancing in the night club. This follows goodiwns theory where the lyrics link with the visuals as the 'club cant handle me right now' references to the people trying to get into the club. By having a split screen it interests the audience as there are two things to watch. It also makes the club seem more realistic as there are people running to it. Another editing shot that is used is fast editing, this is evident as the music speeds up from the beginning to the middle. Fast editing is conventional to the dance genre as its the speed of everyone dancing, it makes the club stand out and look interesting. The fast pace editing creates a party atmosphere.

The mise-en scene within the video is very conventional to the dance genre. The setting of the music video is in the club which is very conventional to the dance genre. By having the location at the club means that the lyrics match with the visuals as the song is called 'club cant handle me' By having a conventional location means that the audience wont get confused and will be able to relate back to the artist.The iconography that is used is bottle of champagne, this evident when there brought out into the club with sparklers in them. It relates back to the party atmosphere as people normally drink champagne within club. It also shows that Flo Rida is wealthy which promotes the artist as being rich. The lighting is also very conventional to the dance genre. There is strobe lighting and flashing lights which is always played in a club environment, by having flashing lights and strobe lighting makes the video seem more realistic which will interest the audience in the video more.

Another video i analysed was Green Day -American Idiot in which this song and band produced rock music. Green day follow typical rock conventions when they made this video. There are many different camera shots that follow the typical conventions of a rock band. There is a panning shot of when Green Day when there performing, by using a panning shot Green day are able to show there emotions as they are all in the camera shot. The panning shot also shows the audience the the location of the video which they are able to relate to as the location is very conventional to the rock genre. Another shot that is used a close up of one of the singer in Green day. This is done to show the audience the emotions of Green day which is anger towards America so that the audience understand. The close up is also used so the audience keep their focus on him. 

An editing shot that is used within the music video is flashing lights. This is conventional to the rock genre as the flashing lights create a freaky atmosphere. There is dark flashing lights when the band has paint all over them. The flashing lights suggest to the audience that they are angry which makes them to be able to relate back to them. The flashing lights create a rock feel atmosphere. Another editing shot was fast paced editing. This is conventional to the rock genre as it keeps up with the speed of the music and the band dancing. By making shots change really quickly creates a rock atmosphere as they dance and headbang quickly which the audience would be able to relate back too. 

The mise en scene within the video is very conventional to the rock genre. The location is at a studio where the band our performing with a green american flag and green paint. Having the location in a studio where the band is performing is very conventional to the rock genre as mainly all rock videos are performance based. Also by having the colour green paint and green flag promotes the artist as they are called 'Green' day. By having the location of the video in a studio with just the band performing the audience are able to relate to them and also keep there main focus on them. The costume the whole band was wearing was also very conventional to the rock genre. They all had dark clothing on aswell as dark makeup. This creates a rock like atmosphere and promotes the artist as being a rock band. By also having dark clothing it suggests that they are angry about something which the audience will be intrigued by.  

From looking at different music genres I have learnt the conventions of each genre and how music videos conforms to them therefore when I come to create my own music video I will understand how to conform to the music genre. 

Why would an artist choose to make a diverse music video? Miss Miller

Diverse means going against the normal conventions of a music video, for example to make an indie music video diverse there will be unconventional features such as strobe lighting. Diverse also means being very different. Artists may decide to make there music video unique as they want to promote to the audience their own personality which allows the audience to understand them as a person. There are many ways to make your music video unique and diverse. Many directors can make there music videos diverse and unique through just not following typical conventions of that music video and going against goodwins theory. For example in a pop music video you expect to see a club scene and everyone dancing however directors who wants to be diverse may go against the typical conventions and have a music video you would expect to be in the rock genre. Also if an artist decides to break censorship the music video is likely to be more unique and different however may not be shown on TV or music channels as it may be unsuitable which is a disadvantage of creating a diverse music video. Furthermore a theme of a music video can make a music video to be diverse and unique as directors or artists try to incorporate odd ideas into their music video to make is more entertaining for the viewers. Being diverse interests audiences as its different to other music videos which will interest them and would want to find out more about the artist. The music video will also stick in the audiences head meaning that the music video is more likely to be successful.


I analysed two directors Chris Cunnigham and Michael Gondry whoms creates music videos that do not confrom to stereotypical genre characteristics.
Chris Cunningham is a British Director whos worked with Aphex Twin, Autechure and Madonna. He's mainly directed music videos for ambient music and electronica. He's a controversial director, people either love his videos or do not understand them as they dislike abstract videos. However due to his different and unique videos he stands out from other directors and is widely known and also won some awards because of it such as MTV breakthrough video and nominated for a Grammy award for best short form music video . He produces quite gothic, dark music videos which produces a gloomy atmosphere. Many of his music videos resemble scary films. Also many of his videos are narrative based and goes against typical conventions of electronica music. He does this so people remember who he is and sticks in the mind of audiences. 
- Chris Cunningham




'Come to Daddy' music video is in the dance/techno genre and is constructed like a short film. As its a dance/electronic video you would expect to see a club scene and girls dancing around however its set on a council estate and is quite a disturbing video where younger audience may find it offensive. Its set in a dark gloomy location and therefore creates fear for the audiences as they cannot see the location clearly and also confusion as they wouldn't expect a dance/techno song to be set in a dark place. The artists within the music video have scary faces which puts the audience on edge when watching the music video. The artists are short men who are dressed as school children. This element is very diverse and can be seen as disturbing. It also could be breaking the censorship laws. Due to having children within the music video shows he's an unique artist and very different. Therefore the location and people within the music breaks the typical conventions of a dance/techno music video which makes the video diverse.

'Come to daddy' only has one element of Goodwins Theory featured within the music video. The lyrics match with visuals for example ' come to daddy' with children running around. As a result of not many features of Goodwins theory not present in the music video shows how unique and diverse the music video. It also shows evidence that it was not allowed to be shown on music channels such as MTV due to the content as it could be harmful.

Aphex Twins music video follows the style of a short film therefore has an aspect of a narrative running throughout. However this is unconventional to the dance/techno genre therefore showing the audience that the director is unique in his work. You would expect to see a performance aspect within a dance/techno video. On the other hand it does follow some conventions of dance such as flashing lights and fast paced editing. The narrative means that the music video is structured with a beginning, middle and end which therefore allows the music video to flow consistently for the whole duration. Therefore the audience can watch the music video with ease.

Throughout the whole of the music video the representation of the artist is not provided to the audience. This is because the artist is not present with the music video. So that the audience have to build there own opinion of the artist from what they perceive from the music video. Due to the fact that the music video is inappropriate and diverse it may result in a negative view of the artist so that they do not wish to watch any more of their music videos.

Chris cunninghams diverse directing style is evident within Madonnas 'Frozen' music video. Madonnas music videos are usually performance based and typical of the pop genre with her mainly dancing. However within this music video it deviates from the typical genre characteristics for an electronic/pop music video.  Which also subverts the typical representation of Madonna and she is seen as dark within this music video. Dark colours are a main focus throughout the duration of the music video. Madonna is dressed in all black which comes across as quite gothic, shes standing in an alone deserted location which produces and eerie atmosphere and shows Madonna as a gloomy person. Within the video she turns into black birds which connotes to death. The setting is quite dark and appears to be in an isolated land which creates an eerie atmosphere. The dog within the music video makes the video look like a scary film. Therefore overall the elements within this music video subvert the typical characteristics of a pop music video which may scare audiences.

Goodwins theory is present within the music video. The lyrics match to the visuals. For example 'You only see what your eyes want to see' which links to the fact that the music video contains diverse characteristics. Also the lyrics 'love is a bird' matches with the visuals on screen as she turns into birds, this makes the music video more easier to watch for the audience. It also tells the audience that the birds are a symbol of love which will help them to understand the narrative better. 

Frozen music video is 90% performance and 10% narrative. Its mainly performance as Madonna is seen singing towards the camera. The narrative element of the music video is only made clear due to the birds which symbolizes love and death. The animals within the music video represent a gothic atmosphere. The dark colours represents that maybe love is like death and she is upset over a breakup.Therefore this music video wouldnt really appeal to her typical audience due to the dark colours and dark topic. 

Overall the representation of Madonna within this music video is not herself, she is represented as dark and gothic whereas usually in her other videos she's is happy. Her clothing is dark which makes her seem dull and boring. The setting of the music video links in with the song title 'frozen' as its an isolated location which links in with the idea of being alone.Viewers may view Madonna as scary which may prevent them from watching the music video.

I think that Cunningham has created this video as Madonna wants to show to her audience that she can sing different things not just her usual style which will open up her target audience. I believe she has changed her image to keep people interested in her as she has been in the music industry a long time therefore people could be getting bored of her usual style.

Michael Gondry is another director whose music videos are diverse. Micheal Gondry is french whom also is a film-maker, film director as well as music director. He is diverse when producing music videos as he doesn't follow typical conventions. Michael Gondry creates music videos using illusions and unusual visuals that aren't scary.  A artist he worked with is the white strips and produced their song 'The darkest button to button'This group produces music in the alternative rock section.

Within the music video there were typical conventions of rock music as the instruments that were being used in the video are guitars and drums. The artists wore rock like clothing which were red and black in colours. The colours within the music video are typical of the rock genre which is red and black. The shots are also conventional to the rock genre such as straight cuts which make the video jumpy. 

There is very little Goodwins theory present within the music video. The lyrics match up to the visuals as the artists are singing about a red box and presented is a red box in the video which makes the music video more interesting to watch. However by having little elements of Goodwins theory within the music video audiences may find it boring and repetitive.

The music video is just performance based which is typical of the rock genre. The women artist is playing the drums whereas the man is on the guitar. Therefore this will build a relationship between the audience and artists however it may bore them as there is no hidden meaning or concept. 

The representation of the artists is not very clear as the audience can just see them performing which may disinterest them into watching the music video as a relationship isn't built. 


- Michael Gondry
Gondry also worked with Kylie Minogue producing the song 'Come into my world' Even though that Gondry is a diverse director the characteristics within this music video were conventional to the pop genre. It was located in a town which was typical and kylie was wearing conventional clothing such as jeans and boots. This is very typcial of the pop genre which will attract audiences. It will also build a relationship between the audience and the artist as they will be able to relate to her. 

The only point of goodwins theory was that the lyrics link to the visuals. The lyrics came onto the screen and kylie popped into her world. This will make the music video more easier to watch and easier to understand. However as there is little evidence of goodwins theory audiences may get bored and not engage with the music video. 

Kylie walks around in circles within the music video which will leave the audience confused and may disinterest them into watching it. Its also performance based therefore the audience may get bored as there is no hidden meanings behind the lyrics.

Both Gondry and Cunningham are both dirverse directors but both have there own different style. Cunningham produces more dark gothic videos which will probably be banned on music channels whereas Gondry produces unique videos but less explicit then Cunningham and viewers wont find them offensive. They use similar editing technique for example both uses fast paced editing, in Gondrys video 'the darkest button to button he edited the drum and guitar to move quickly and in Cunninghams video 'Come to daddy' he used fast paced editing when the tempo got quicker. The benefit of working with a diverse actor like Gondry and Cunningham is that your video is likely to get a lot of publicity meaning that it promotes you as an artist. However not all there songs would be on music channels unless they were censored.

The advantages of creating a diverse video is that the video will be unique and stand out to the audience which will gain publicity and the artist may gain more fans. However disadvantages of creating a diverse video is that it may not be shown on a music channel due to censorship therefore less people see it. Also audiences may find it offensive which will deter them away from watching the music video. Also they may find it strange therefore the representation of the artist will go down. 

I wouldn't want to make a diverse music video as its hard to appeal to a target audience, they also come across a bit scary which will make the artist look bad.  

Should music videos be censored?- Miss Miller

Censorship is where music videos are blurred out for example naked woman or lyrics are slightly changed from bad language to every day words to protect audiences such as the younger generation. On music channels in the day time music videos are censored to protect young audiences as they are likely to be watching them in the day however once it gets to a certain time such as 10 o clock censors are turned off and the original song is played. Also on the radio songs are censored so that the younger audiences don't hear swearing for example. 

Ofcom are an law/act that make sure that people listening/watching music videos are protected from harmful or offensive material. In 2003 an act was introduced where ofcom further the interests the citizens and of consumers. Also people are protected from being treated unfairly in television and radio programmes and from having there privacy invaded. However they do not deal with the content in radio and television adverts. A music video that has been censored is Blurred Lines by Robin Thicke. It was also banned from YouTube as it was too provocative and younger viewers may find it offensive. It was censored as featured in the video are naked women dancing around Robin Thicke. There are two versions of the video, the censored one and the original. 
therefor

Censorship is a controversial subject within the music industry. In class we had a debate around censorship and the artists Rihanna and Eminem as these specific artists music/videos are censored. Rihannas song s&m has been censored. Eminems songs that have been censored are 'The Monster' 'Rap God' and 'Love the way you lie'. We had different roles such as Eminem, Rihanna, Parents For censorship, parents against censorship, Fans, British music Channels and British radio stations. By having the debate made me see all different perspectives on censorship. 



In class the people who played Eminem explained how his music shouldn't been censored as his music expresses what he went through as he had a hard early life therefore his lyrics are inspiring and should be listened too so people can learn from his mistakes. There were two people who played Eminem, both of them thought that his music should be played without being censored. Eminem also believes that the music when he was younger never affected to him so his explicit music shouldn't affect todays younger generation. He also said that music doesn't influence children, if kids are bad they are brought up to be bad. He also believes that music is just a form of entertainment so his music shouldn't be censored as it can teach people lessons in life. Also Eminem said that his album Marshall Mathers LP sold over 10 millions copies which shows how successful and that hes a powerful artist therefore his music should not be censored. 

The two people who had the role of Rihanna said similar things to Eminem. Rihanna said she was upset when she found out her song 'S&M' had been censored due to the fact that her songs are metaphors rather than experiences so her songs shouldn't be censored. She also said that music is just a form of entertainment therefore audiences should be able to listen to the explicit version.

 The record labels of Eminem and Rihanna are for censorship as they believe this will widen there audiences as songs can be played on many things such as radio, television and supermarkets/shops. However they are against censorship as they believe that it ruins the songs and the reputation of artists. 

Parents who are for censorship explained during the debate that explicit language and sexual videos should be censored as it can have an influence on children which will result in them believing that this is acceptable. It can promote wrong images to the younger society. They said that artists like Eminem and Rihanna shouldn't use explicit language as they believe it is unnecessary. Also younger children may look up to artists like Rihanna and Eminem however they present a bad role model for them as they swear and there music videos are not clean which may inspire them to be like them.

 Parents who were against censorship explained that videos should not be censored and its up to the parents what there children should watch as it impacts the older generation as they cant watch or listen to the explicit version. Parents who are against censorship also say that children will listen to explicit versions as they have access to YouTube therefore censorship is pointless. They also say that children should know the difference to right and wrong therefore music shouldn't affect the way that they behave. 

The fans of Eminem and Rihanna are mostly again censorship as they believe it ruins the song quality as blurring out words disinterests the audience. Also by putting in censors in music videos they wont fully understand the song as the lyrics wont be able to link with the visuals. Fans also want to hear what the artist has to say without censors. They believe that when music videos are censored they get bored of the video as it doesn't represent there artist fully. 

There were two different people representing music channels. One was for censorship and the other was against censorship. Music channels are for censorship as they don't want a bad reputation and want to gain audiences from all different ages. They also don't want people complaining so they try to keep all audiences happy from censoring videos in the day and playing explicit videos at night time. Other channels like AKA are against censorship as they would like to represent the true artist so they dislike censoring videos and music. 

Radio stations also have a mixed view on censorship. Most radio stations censor songs as many children listen to the radio therefore they have to protect them from harmful content otherwise people may complain. Censorship also gains a wider audience as the young and the older generation would be able to listen to the radio. However some radio stations are against censorship as they believe that children are able to guess the blurred out words so censorship is pointless and impacts the older generation. 

Censorship can affect artists in many ways. It can restrict them from expressing there true feelings through the lyrics and also in music videos. I believe there shouldn't be censorship as i believe the original song is always better and parents can just teach kids what right and wrong so music doesn't influence them. Also artists shouldn't be censored so they can express there true feelings which may be life lessons to the young. The artists i just looked at in my opinion are just expressing there feelings and shouldn't be taken so seriously. 

I wont follow the censorship rules in my production as i believe this will restrict of what we can do in the video therefore making it less interesting. We will use an uncensored version of my artists song as I believe uncensored songs are more powerful than censored songs.

Research into music channels- Miss Georgiou

MTV

MTV is a music channel which is targeted at 12-30 year old's as the music they show is popular music in current time which is pop and dance (mainstream music) The music that is mainly shown is chart music which links with the target audience as that is the music that target audiences wants to watch and listen to. The reason why MTV plays mainstream music is because its a mainstream channel therefore it has to play popular music of that time. The regular artists that feature on the channel are Rihanna, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Eminem and Ed Sheeran. Many of the artists songs are regularly played as they are mainly in the charts. MTV operates a group of channels under the name MTV networks e.g. MTV Dance, MTV Classic, MTV Rocks, etc. MTV also own their official website which allows fans to access news podcasts, interviews with celebrities and other information. MTV also owns  a magazine providing fans with further access to music information. MTV also shows program's targeted for that audience such as 'my super sweet sixteen' and 'Geordie shore' These program's also help promote the channel. The MTV logo is bold which stand out to the audience as the black and white colors contrast each other. The font is Grafiti which suits the target audience and due to it being such a bold logo it is easily recognized.

AKA is another music channel which is targeted at 15-30 year olds. It shows/plays mainly grime/hip hop music. The typical artists AKA plays is Dappy, N-Dubz, Chipmunk, Wretch 32 and Giggs. They play new songs from these kinds of artists as the target audience would be interest in new grime/hip hop songs in the charts of that current time. AKA have a YouTube channel where consumers can view AKA playlist of the day. The logo links to the genre of music as the man in baggy clothing looks like hes associated with grime/hip hop music therefore promoting the channel as focusing on that genre. The way the audience can tell he is associated with hip hop music is from the snapback, leaning against the A instead of stood up straight and the baggy trousers. Also due to the man in red may mean the songs are explicit which means they play music with bad language which is why the target audience are for older teens and young adults. 

Scuzz is aimed at older teenagers and young adults (16-25 year olds) who listen to rock music. In the day the channel plays pop-punk, current metal and up and coming artists. In the evening the channel plays heavier music such as heavy rock, metal and punk. Artists who are are regularly played on the channel are Enter Shikari, Young Guns, You Me at Six and Deaf Havana. Scuzz has changed their logo a few times. In 2006 there black and white label was changed to a blue misty look. Then in 2007 it was changed again to a industrial style. The channel has weekly competition giving viewers the chance to win brand merchandise, guitars and concert tickets. The scuzz logo appeals to the audience as the metalic colour represents the metal/rock music they play. By having it at that colour promotes the channel as being rock like therefore gaining more viewers. Scuzz is owned and operated by CSC Media Group and owns other channels such as Bliss, Vault, and Chart Show. 




Kiss is a radio channel and a music channel which aims at young people ages between 11-25 year olds, they mainly play chart music specifically pop, hip hop and dance music. At 11 o clock in the morning each day Kiss play an hour of old school songs which are mainly garage which widens their fan base as the older generation listen in. Artists that are regularly played are Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Drake and Katy Perry. They have a website where consumers can find information on artists, whats new that week and interviews with artists. The website also has a feature called 'Kiss Kube' where people can access the channel and listen to their music online. They also have a 'Kiss Kube' app where android users can download and listen to the channel of their phone and listen anywhere which promotes the channel. They also have other music channels such as 'Kisstory' and 'Kiss Fresh' On the Kisstory channel they play all old school songs 24/7. On the Kiss Fresh Channel they play songs that have just come out which appeals to the audience. The logo appeals to all audiences as its simple and plain therefore not appealing to one type of audience. The blue makes it look cool and chilled which is appealing.

MTV music channel is broken down into different sub channels such as Base, hits, dance, rock and classic. I believe they have broken down the channel into sub channels so that the channel attracts many different types of audiences therefore the channel will be very popular. MTV suits all different types of people as they show all different types of music therefore targeting different audiences. Therefore MTV is very popular as many different audiences watch the channel.

I believe music channels are important to appealing to a target audience so that the channel will become popular. For example you Scuzz wouldnt play hip hop music as this will divert their loyal fans away as they would expect just rock music to be playing. Therefore music channels have to appeal to their target audience by playing the same type of music so that they gain a loyal fan base. 

In my opinion there are a variety of music channels so that every person has a music channel they like. Otherwise if we only had one music channel there wouldn't be any diversity and it would get boring. Its also important we  have more then one channel so that all music channels suit many different people. 

From analyzing music channels it has taught me how and why different channels appeal to different audiences and how it achieves this. Its also taught me that there are many different music channels which suit different people. From analyzing music channels it will help me with my own production as I am now able to see what type of music channels show. 

History of a music video- Miss Georgiou

A music video is a marketing tool to promote the artist and their song. Music videos engage audiences as they are able to see their music background. Over the years consumers have been able to view music videos in many different ways due to technology progressing and the industry expanding. Consumers can view their artists through many different channels and the Internet. The most recent ways audiences can watch music videos is on YouTube and Vevo which is free way for audiences to view music videos on the Internet. Another way audiences can view music videos is through Ituneshowever they have to pay therefore its not the most popular way to view music videos. If they download the music video from Itunes they are then able to watch their videos of their laptop or mobile phone anytime. The older ways of viewing music channels is on Ipods, music channels such as MTV and program's such as Top of the pops. 

The music video industry has significantly developed over the years and expanded as an industry. There are now many different ways in which audiences can view music videos. Audiences can view music videos on many different music channels which show many different genres of music therefore appealing to many different audiences. Music channels include MTV, Scuzz and Flava which each show different type of music genres to suit different audiences. Audiences can also download music videos off the Internet and view music videos of YouTube in any place which is beneficial for audiences. Therefore artists are more likely to be successful as consumers can now view their music videos literally anywhere which will boost fan numbers and views on their music videos. 

In 1884 a man named Edward B. Marks and Joe Stern hired electricians and performers to promote sales of their songs. They projected still images onto a screen to audiences as a live performance. This was called the 'illustrated song' and was the first step towards music videos.

Britain first saw music videos emerge from the TV show Top of the Pops, they began playing music videos in the late 1970's. However there were strict limits on the music videos Top of the Pops could show to consumers. From a music video being shown on the show usually it would increase the sales of the song therefore showing the importance of music videos. In 1980 Daivd Bowie achieved is first number one single 'Ashes to Ashes' due to the show promoting his music video. His music video was different to others which caught audiences attention. 

The first music channel was MTV it was launched on August 1st 1981 and played music videos 24 hours a day. MTV was the main channel which promoted music videos. By showing audiences music videos it allowed them to get a deeper meaning of the artist and their song therefore they are more likely to buy/download it. When MTV was first created its main target audience were young adults however in recent years its target audiences has expanded to teenagers as well as they play more music to suit teenagers such as 'The UK top 40'. The first music video that was aired on MTV was Buggles 'Video killed the radio star' The music video promoted MTV and helped MTV to become successful. 

Equipment to create music videos has significantly developed through out the years. First music videos were in black and white but that has changed due to high tech cameras developing and technology such as green screens being created. Editing equipment has also developed which makes music videos more interesting for audiences to watch which engages them into the music video. The creation of the green screen has allowed artists to create more diverse music videos as they can now set their music video anywhere they would like. Editing equipment which allows artists to add different visuals and edit their music videos has allowed artists to make their music video relatable to them and their music video which promotes them as an artist. An example of a music video that uses a green screen and editing equipment is Miley Cyrus 'The Climb' 

In 1983 Michael Jacksons song 'Thriller' was released. Its one of the most influential music videos of all time when it was released. The video was 14 minutes long, the longest music video to ever be created of that time. It cost $800,00 to film due to the high cost set and production. Without technology such as green screens the music video wouldn't of been as popular. 

In the recent years YouTube has become the most popular way to view music videos on. It allows artists to market their music video to a wider audience. As YouTube is free consumers can listen to all genres and different music videos therefore promoting many different genres. Therefore artists gain attract a wider audience range. The most watched music video on YouTube is PSY- Gangnam Style which was uploaded on July 15th 2012. It gained over 1,830,000,00 views. Therefore indicatin that YouTube is an extremely successful marketing tool for artists to promote their music videos on. Also artists are recognized and discovered on YouTube which shows how important the website is and how huge it is to the music industry. Justin Bieber was discovered on YouTube and is a massive artist in today's time.

Recently budgets for music videos have gone up and tend to be high, big artists in the industry tend to have high budgets for their music videos such as Justin Bieber, Katy Perry and Rihanna. By having a high budget for their videos means they can have many special features within their video therefore its more likely to be successful. The most expensive music video to ever be made was Scream by Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson. It cost $7,000,000 to make as they wanted their music video to be successful and enjoyable for the audience. Therefore showing that music videos are an important aspect for artists song to be successful. However music videos don't have to have a high budget for it to be successful, music videos just need to be interesting for it to be successful. Ed Sheeran - The A Team had a small budget but the music video was still successful and created success for Sheeran.

Music videos in the recent years have become more high quality and have many special effects to interest audiences. Music videos have also become more diverse due to special effects which catches audiences attention. Use of green screens have become popular when creating music videos as it interest audiences. Special effects have become popular within the late 90's where technology was improved. A music video which uses many special effects is 'Rihanna - We found love' Within the music video there is a time lapse which focuses the audiences attention on the artist in the music video. There is also other special effects for the audience to understand the narrative better. 

Music videos allows a song to gain more publicity and attention which persuades people to buy the song and take interest in the artist. Media channels and YouTube help artists gain attention as consumers can view their music video on there. For example on MTV 'The UK top 40 is played' and if an artists music video is played then consumers are more likely to buy it as it looks popular therefore gaining more attention. However popular artists such as Rihanna, Drake, Justin Bieber may not always need successful music videos for their music to be popular as they already have a huge fan base. 

Over the years music genres have also developed and changed. From typical music genres such as pop and classical a number of music genres have evolved over the years. New genres include: Indie, rock, dance, techno and metal. Due to having more genres in the music industry artists can target their music video to more of a specific audience therefore its more likely to be successful and artists will be able to gain more of a wider fan base. Cross genres have also developed for example pop-rock and indie-rock. This also allows the audience to target their music videos to a specific audience and helps them get a wider fan base. 

By researching into the history of music videos I have know got a good knowledge of how music videos have developed over the years and why they are important. I have also learnt the importance of YouTube and Music Channels and how they make artists successful.