Analysis of music genres- Miss Georgiou

Music videos appeal to different audiences by the use of editing, camera shots and mise-en-scene. Music videos have different concepts to interest different types of audiences for example performance, concept or narrative. By having an appealing music video it will make the music seem more interesting also which will gain many more fans. Depending on what the music videos target audience is depends on what type of music video is created. For example Eminems music videos would may contain violence and dark settings due to the rap genre he sings. 

The first music video i analysed was 'over' by the artist Drake. Drake is a rap artist and many of his videos are conventional to the rap genre. When analysing the music video i specifically looked at micro elements such as mise-en-scene, cinematography and editing. 

During the music video there is a close up of drake. This is evident when drake is sitting on his bed singing looking up into the camera. By having this camera shot here helps to get across drakes feelings towards the audience better. By having a close up expresses his emotions and feelings more therefore the audience can have a better understanding of the lyrics and how he's feeling at that moment in time which will interest them more in the video. The lyrics whilst there is a close up on Drake is 'I know way to many people here right now that i didn't know last year' by having a close up here makes the audience feel sorry for him and are able to understand his emotions more.

 Another shot during the video is an high angle shot. This is evident when drake is sitting on the bed singing about women. By using  high angle also express drakes emotions and makes him look small which comes across to the audience that he's angry. By also using a high angle shot it expresses that he in in pain which the audience would want to carry on watching the video as they would like to learn more about how he is in pain. The shots that have been used are conventional to the rap genre as it demonstrates the artist emotions which is typical in the rap genre as they rap about how they are feeling. 

Within this video there is many editing that is being used. The different editing techniques not only interests the audiences more but helps the audience also understand what the song is about. Within the video there is different coloured tint and flashing lights(colour filters) throughout the video. The flashing lights which are fast paced show that Drakes life have sped up which helps the audience to understand the video. In one bit of the video there is flashing lights on his faces to show that Drake is isolated which links with the lyrics. The colour filters are mainly used at the beginning when Drake is in the bedroom. The colour of the tint is red and orange which suggests that Drake is in anger or in pain which interest the audience more. The coloured tints also represent that his life have changed which is why he is in anger. Another editing shot which is used is timing of shots. At the beginning of the video the timing of shots are slow where Drake is speaking about his life so that the audience can engage and understand the lyrics more, the tempo speeds up and Drake starts rapping, this is done to not only interest the audience but to show that drake is emotional as he is rapping directly into the camera.

The mise-en-scene that is evident within this helps the audience to understand how Drake is feeling. The costume that Drake is wearing is typical to the rap genre, he's wearing a red jacket with jeans and a few chains. The fact that the jacket is red is may shows that he is angry and in pain. It relates to the fact that he's going through a lot of emotions. Throughout the video Drakes costume changes when he switches locations, this suggests to the audience that he his emotions have changed from angry to happy. By having a conventional costume the audience are able to relate to him.Drakes positioning throughout the video is always in the centre of the camera, by having Drake in the centre promotes him as the main artist and the audiences should just have their focus on him. It builds a relationship with him and his target audience and shows to the audience that he is important. Behind Drake in one part of the video there are faded people walking behind him whilst he stands out which also shows the audience that he is the main artist and they should have their attention on him.

The second video I analysed was 'Club cant handle me' The genre of this music video was dance and the music video was very conventional to its genre. There are many camera shots within this video which promotes the artist and the location of the song (the club) There is a high angle shot when Flo Rida is on top of the audience showing a clear view to the audience of the club and that everyone is having a good time. It also promotes the artist as being fun which will produce more fans. The high angle especially shows that all the audience is enjoying the club which is conventional to the dance genre. By having a high angle when Flo Rida is on top of the crowd dancing shows that he is the main artist and everyone should have his focus on him. Also having a high angle shows the location of the music video which is the Club. 

Another shot that is used is a long shot right at the beginning of the video when Flo Rida is getting out of the sports car. By having a long shot of the cars and Flo Rida promotes him as being wealthy therefore audiences will inspire to be like him. Also by using a long shot on the car  makes the audience want to watch more of the video as it will interest them into his lifestyle. Within the long shot also we see that Flo Rida throws money, this shows the audience that he has a wealthy lifestyle which makes people inspire to him.

There are many editing shots used within the music video. There is a split screen being used where in one half of the screen people are trying to get into the club by running through different shops and the other half of the screen is people dancing in the night club. This follows goodiwns theory where the lyrics link with the visuals as the 'club cant handle me right now' references to the people trying to get into the club. By having a split screen it interests the audience as there are two things to watch. It also makes the club seem more realistic as there are people running to it. Another editing shot that is used is fast editing, this is evident as the music speeds up from the beginning to the middle. Fast editing is conventional to the dance genre as its the speed of everyone dancing, it makes the club stand out and look interesting. The fast pace editing creates a party atmosphere.

The mise-en scene within the video is very conventional to the dance genre. The setting of the music video is in the club which is very conventional to the dance genre. By having the location at the club means that the lyrics match with the visuals as the song is called 'club cant handle me' By having a conventional location means that the audience wont get confused and will be able to relate back to the artist.The iconography that is used is bottle of champagne, this evident when there brought out into the club with sparklers in them. It relates back to the party atmosphere as people normally drink champagne within club. It also shows that Flo Rida is wealthy which promotes the artist as being rich. The lighting is also very conventional to the dance genre. There is strobe lighting and flashing lights which is always played in a club environment, by having flashing lights and strobe lighting makes the video seem more realistic which will interest the audience in the video more.

Another video i analysed was Green Day -American Idiot in which this song and band produced rock music. Green day follow typical rock conventions when they made this video. There are many different camera shots that follow the typical conventions of a rock band. There is a panning shot of when Green Day when there performing, by using a panning shot Green day are able to show there emotions as they are all in the camera shot. The panning shot also shows the audience the the location of the video which they are able to relate to as the location is very conventional to the rock genre. Another shot that is used a close up of one of the singer in Green day. This is done to show the audience the emotions of Green day which is anger towards America so that the audience understand. The close up is also used so the audience keep their focus on him. 

An editing shot that is used within the music video is flashing lights. This is conventional to the rock genre as the flashing lights create a freaky atmosphere. There is dark flashing lights when the band has paint all over them. The flashing lights suggest to the audience that they are angry which makes them to be able to relate back to them. The flashing lights create a rock feel atmosphere. Another editing shot was fast paced editing. This is conventional to the rock genre as it keeps up with the speed of the music and the band dancing. By making shots change really quickly creates a rock atmosphere as they dance and headbang quickly which the audience would be able to relate back too. 

The mise en scene within the video is very conventional to the rock genre. The location is at a studio where the band our performing with a green american flag and green paint. Having the location in a studio where the band is performing is very conventional to the rock genre as mainly all rock videos are performance based. Also by having the colour green paint and green flag promotes the artist as they are called 'Green' day. By having the location of the video in a studio with just the band performing the audience are able to relate to them and also keep there main focus on them. The costume the whole band was wearing was also very conventional to the rock genre. They all had dark clothing on aswell as dark makeup. This creates a rock like atmosphere and promotes the artist as being a rock band. By also having dark clothing it suggests that they are angry about something which the audience will be intrigued by.  

From looking at different music genres I have learnt the conventions of each genre and how music videos conforms to them therefore when I come to create my own music video I will understand how to conform to the music genre. 

Why would an artist choose to make a diverse music video? Miss Miller

Diverse means going against the normal conventions of a music video, for example to make an indie music video diverse there will be unconventional features such as strobe lighting. Diverse also means being very different. Artists may decide to make there music video unique as they want to promote to the audience their own personality which allows the audience to understand them as a person. There are many ways to make your music video unique and diverse. Many directors can make there music videos diverse and unique through just not following typical conventions of that music video and going against goodwins theory. For example in a pop music video you expect to see a club scene and everyone dancing however directors who wants to be diverse may go against the typical conventions and have a music video you would expect to be in the rock genre. Also if an artist decides to break censorship the music video is likely to be more unique and different however may not be shown on TV or music channels as it may be unsuitable which is a disadvantage of creating a diverse music video. Furthermore a theme of a music video can make a music video to be diverse and unique as directors or artists try to incorporate odd ideas into their music video to make is more entertaining for the viewers. Being diverse interests audiences as its different to other music videos which will interest them and would want to find out more about the artist. The music video will also stick in the audiences head meaning that the music video is more likely to be successful.


I analysed two directors Chris Cunnigham and Michael Gondry whoms creates music videos that do not confrom to stereotypical genre characteristics.
Chris Cunningham is a British Director whos worked with Aphex Twin, Autechure and Madonna. He's mainly directed music videos for ambient music and electronica. He's a controversial director, people either love his videos or do not understand them as they dislike abstract videos. However due to his different and unique videos he stands out from other directors and is widely known and also won some awards because of it such as MTV breakthrough video and nominated for a Grammy award for best short form music video . He produces quite gothic, dark music videos which produces a gloomy atmosphere. Many of his music videos resemble scary films. Also many of his videos are narrative based and goes against typical conventions of electronica music. He does this so people remember who he is and sticks in the mind of audiences. 
- Chris Cunningham




'Come to Daddy' music video is in the dance/techno genre and is constructed like a short film. As its a dance/electronic video you would expect to see a club scene and girls dancing around however its set on a council estate and is quite a disturbing video where younger audience may find it offensive. Its set in a dark gloomy location and therefore creates fear for the audiences as they cannot see the location clearly and also confusion as they wouldn't expect a dance/techno song to be set in a dark place. The artists within the music video have scary faces which puts the audience on edge when watching the music video. The artists are short men who are dressed as school children. This element is very diverse and can be seen as disturbing. It also could be breaking the censorship laws. Due to having children within the music video shows he's an unique artist and very different. Therefore the location and people within the music breaks the typical conventions of a dance/techno music video which makes the video diverse.

'Come to daddy' only has one element of Goodwins Theory featured within the music video. The lyrics match with visuals for example ' come to daddy' with children running around. As a result of not many features of Goodwins theory not present in the music video shows how unique and diverse the music video. It also shows evidence that it was not allowed to be shown on music channels such as MTV due to the content as it could be harmful.

Aphex Twins music video follows the style of a short film therefore has an aspect of a narrative running throughout. However this is unconventional to the dance/techno genre therefore showing the audience that the director is unique in his work. You would expect to see a performance aspect within a dance/techno video. On the other hand it does follow some conventions of dance such as flashing lights and fast paced editing. The narrative means that the music video is structured with a beginning, middle and end which therefore allows the music video to flow consistently for the whole duration. Therefore the audience can watch the music video with ease.

Throughout the whole of the music video the representation of the artist is not provided to the audience. This is because the artist is not present with the music video. So that the audience have to build there own opinion of the artist from what they perceive from the music video. Due to the fact that the music video is inappropriate and diverse it may result in a negative view of the artist so that they do not wish to watch any more of their music videos.

Chris cunninghams diverse directing style is evident within Madonnas 'Frozen' music video. Madonnas music videos are usually performance based and typical of the pop genre with her mainly dancing. However within this music video it deviates from the typical genre characteristics for an electronic/pop music video.  Which also subverts the typical representation of Madonna and she is seen as dark within this music video. Dark colours are a main focus throughout the duration of the music video. Madonna is dressed in all black which comes across as quite gothic, shes standing in an alone deserted location which produces and eerie atmosphere and shows Madonna as a gloomy person. Within the video she turns into black birds which connotes to death. The setting is quite dark and appears to be in an isolated land which creates an eerie atmosphere. The dog within the music video makes the video look like a scary film. Therefore overall the elements within this music video subvert the typical characteristics of a pop music video which may scare audiences.

Goodwins theory is present within the music video. The lyrics match to the visuals. For example 'You only see what your eyes want to see' which links to the fact that the music video contains diverse characteristics. Also the lyrics 'love is a bird' matches with the visuals on screen as she turns into birds, this makes the music video more easier to watch for the audience. It also tells the audience that the birds are a symbol of love which will help them to understand the narrative better. 

Frozen music video is 90% performance and 10% narrative. Its mainly performance as Madonna is seen singing towards the camera. The narrative element of the music video is only made clear due to the birds which symbolizes love and death. The animals within the music video represent a gothic atmosphere. The dark colours represents that maybe love is like death and she is upset over a breakup.Therefore this music video wouldnt really appeal to her typical audience due to the dark colours and dark topic. 

Overall the representation of Madonna within this music video is not herself, she is represented as dark and gothic whereas usually in her other videos she's is happy. Her clothing is dark which makes her seem dull and boring. The setting of the music video links in with the song title 'frozen' as its an isolated location which links in with the idea of being alone.Viewers may view Madonna as scary which may prevent them from watching the music video.

I think that Cunningham has created this video as Madonna wants to show to her audience that she can sing different things not just her usual style which will open up her target audience. I believe she has changed her image to keep people interested in her as she has been in the music industry a long time therefore people could be getting bored of her usual style.

Michael Gondry is another director whose music videos are diverse. Micheal Gondry is french whom also is a film-maker, film director as well as music director. He is diverse when producing music videos as he doesn't follow typical conventions. Michael Gondry creates music videos using illusions and unusual visuals that aren't scary.  A artist he worked with is the white strips and produced their song 'The darkest button to button'This group produces music in the alternative rock section.

Within the music video there were typical conventions of rock music as the instruments that were being used in the video are guitars and drums. The artists wore rock like clothing which were red and black in colours. The colours within the music video are typical of the rock genre which is red and black. The shots are also conventional to the rock genre such as straight cuts which make the video jumpy. 

There is very little Goodwins theory present within the music video. The lyrics match up to the visuals as the artists are singing about a red box and presented is a red box in the video which makes the music video more interesting to watch. However by having little elements of Goodwins theory within the music video audiences may find it boring and repetitive.

The music video is just performance based which is typical of the rock genre. The women artist is playing the drums whereas the man is on the guitar. Therefore this will build a relationship between the audience and artists however it may bore them as there is no hidden meaning or concept. 

The representation of the artists is not very clear as the audience can just see them performing which may disinterest them into watching the music video as a relationship isn't built. 


- Michael Gondry
Gondry also worked with Kylie Minogue producing the song 'Come into my world' Even though that Gondry is a diverse director the characteristics within this music video were conventional to the pop genre. It was located in a town which was typical and kylie was wearing conventional clothing such as jeans and boots. This is very typcial of the pop genre which will attract audiences. It will also build a relationship between the audience and the artist as they will be able to relate to her. 

The only point of goodwins theory was that the lyrics link to the visuals. The lyrics came onto the screen and kylie popped into her world. This will make the music video more easier to watch and easier to understand. However as there is little evidence of goodwins theory audiences may get bored and not engage with the music video. 

Kylie walks around in circles within the music video which will leave the audience confused and may disinterest them into watching it. Its also performance based therefore the audience may get bored as there is no hidden meanings behind the lyrics.

Both Gondry and Cunningham are both dirverse directors but both have there own different style. Cunningham produces more dark gothic videos which will probably be banned on music channels whereas Gondry produces unique videos but less explicit then Cunningham and viewers wont find them offensive. They use similar editing technique for example both uses fast paced editing, in Gondrys video 'the darkest button to button he edited the drum and guitar to move quickly and in Cunninghams video 'Come to daddy' he used fast paced editing when the tempo got quicker. The benefit of working with a diverse actor like Gondry and Cunningham is that your video is likely to get a lot of publicity meaning that it promotes you as an artist. However not all there songs would be on music channels unless they were censored.

The advantages of creating a diverse video is that the video will be unique and stand out to the audience which will gain publicity and the artist may gain more fans. However disadvantages of creating a diverse video is that it may not be shown on a music channel due to censorship therefore less people see it. Also audiences may find it offensive which will deter them away from watching the music video. Also they may find it strange therefore the representation of the artist will go down. 

I wouldn't want to make a diverse music video as its hard to appeal to a target audience, they also come across a bit scary which will make the artist look bad.  

Should music videos be censored?- Miss Miller

Censorship is where music videos are blurred out for example naked woman or lyrics are slightly changed from bad language to every day words to protect audiences such as the younger generation. On music channels in the day time music videos are censored to protect young audiences as they are likely to be watching them in the day however once it gets to a certain time such as 10 o clock censors are turned off and the original song is played. Also on the radio songs are censored so that the younger audiences don't hear swearing for example. 

Ofcom are an law/act that make sure that people listening/watching music videos are protected from harmful or offensive material. In 2003 an act was introduced where ofcom further the interests the citizens and of consumers. Also people are protected from being treated unfairly in television and radio programmes and from having there privacy invaded. However they do not deal with the content in radio and television adverts. A music video that has been censored is Blurred Lines by Robin Thicke. It was also banned from YouTube as it was too provocative and younger viewers may find it offensive. It was censored as featured in the video are naked women dancing around Robin Thicke. There are two versions of the video, the censored one and the original. 
therefor

Censorship is a controversial subject within the music industry. In class we had a debate around censorship and the artists Rihanna and Eminem as these specific artists music/videos are censored. Rihannas song s&m has been censored. Eminems songs that have been censored are 'The Monster' 'Rap God' and 'Love the way you lie'. We had different roles such as Eminem, Rihanna, Parents For censorship, parents against censorship, Fans, British music Channels and British radio stations. By having the debate made me see all different perspectives on censorship. 



In class the people who played Eminem explained how his music shouldn't been censored as his music expresses what he went through as he had a hard early life therefore his lyrics are inspiring and should be listened too so people can learn from his mistakes. There were two people who played Eminem, both of them thought that his music should be played without being censored. Eminem also believes that the music when he was younger never affected to him so his explicit music shouldn't affect todays younger generation. He also said that music doesn't influence children, if kids are bad they are brought up to be bad. He also believes that music is just a form of entertainment so his music shouldn't be censored as it can teach people lessons in life. Also Eminem said that his album Marshall Mathers LP sold over 10 millions copies which shows how successful and that hes a powerful artist therefore his music should not be censored. 

The two people who had the role of Rihanna said similar things to Eminem. Rihanna said she was upset when she found out her song 'S&M' had been censored due to the fact that her songs are metaphors rather than experiences so her songs shouldn't be censored. She also said that music is just a form of entertainment therefore audiences should be able to listen to the explicit version.

 The record labels of Eminem and Rihanna are for censorship as they believe this will widen there audiences as songs can be played on many things such as radio, television and supermarkets/shops. However they are against censorship as they believe that it ruins the songs and the reputation of artists. 

Parents who are for censorship explained during the debate that explicit language and sexual videos should be censored as it can have an influence on children which will result in them believing that this is acceptable. It can promote wrong images to the younger society. They said that artists like Eminem and Rihanna shouldn't use explicit language as they believe it is unnecessary. Also younger children may look up to artists like Rihanna and Eminem however they present a bad role model for them as they swear and there music videos are not clean which may inspire them to be like them.

 Parents who were against censorship explained that videos should not be censored and its up to the parents what there children should watch as it impacts the older generation as they cant watch or listen to the explicit version. Parents who are against censorship also say that children will listen to explicit versions as they have access to YouTube therefore censorship is pointless. They also say that children should know the difference to right and wrong therefore music shouldn't affect the way that they behave. 

The fans of Eminem and Rihanna are mostly again censorship as they believe it ruins the song quality as blurring out words disinterests the audience. Also by putting in censors in music videos they wont fully understand the song as the lyrics wont be able to link with the visuals. Fans also want to hear what the artist has to say without censors. They believe that when music videos are censored they get bored of the video as it doesn't represent there artist fully. 

There were two different people representing music channels. One was for censorship and the other was against censorship. Music channels are for censorship as they don't want a bad reputation and want to gain audiences from all different ages. They also don't want people complaining so they try to keep all audiences happy from censoring videos in the day and playing explicit videos at night time. Other channels like AKA are against censorship as they would like to represent the true artist so they dislike censoring videos and music. 

Radio stations also have a mixed view on censorship. Most radio stations censor songs as many children listen to the radio therefore they have to protect them from harmful content otherwise people may complain. Censorship also gains a wider audience as the young and the older generation would be able to listen to the radio. However some radio stations are against censorship as they believe that children are able to guess the blurred out words so censorship is pointless and impacts the older generation. 

Censorship can affect artists in many ways. It can restrict them from expressing there true feelings through the lyrics and also in music videos. I believe there shouldn't be censorship as i believe the original song is always better and parents can just teach kids what right and wrong so music doesn't influence them. Also artists shouldn't be censored so they can express there true feelings which may be life lessons to the young. The artists i just looked at in my opinion are just expressing there feelings and shouldn't be taken so seriously. 

I wont follow the censorship rules in my production as i believe this will restrict of what we can do in the video therefore making it less interesting. We will use an uncensored version of my artists song as I believe uncensored songs are more powerful than censored songs.

Research into music channels- Miss Georgiou

MTV

MTV is a music channel which is targeted at 12-30 year old's as the music they show is popular music in current time which is pop and dance (mainstream music) The music that is mainly shown is chart music which links with the target audience as that is the music that target audiences wants to watch and listen to. The reason why MTV plays mainstream music is because its a mainstream channel therefore it has to play popular music of that time. The regular artists that feature on the channel are Rihanna, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Eminem and Ed Sheeran. Many of the artists songs are regularly played as they are mainly in the charts. MTV operates a group of channels under the name MTV networks e.g. MTV Dance, MTV Classic, MTV Rocks, etc. MTV also own their official website which allows fans to access news podcasts, interviews with celebrities and other information. MTV also owns  a magazine providing fans with further access to music information. MTV also shows program's targeted for that audience such as 'my super sweet sixteen' and 'Geordie shore' These program's also help promote the channel. The MTV logo is bold which stand out to the audience as the black and white colors contrast each other. The font is Grafiti which suits the target audience and due to it being such a bold logo it is easily recognized.

AKA is another music channel which is targeted at 15-30 year olds. It shows/plays mainly grime/hip hop music. The typical artists AKA plays is Dappy, N-Dubz, Chipmunk, Wretch 32 and Giggs. They play new songs from these kinds of artists as the target audience would be interest in new grime/hip hop songs in the charts of that current time. AKA have a YouTube channel where consumers can view AKA playlist of the day. The logo links to the genre of music as the man in baggy clothing looks like hes associated with grime/hip hop music therefore promoting the channel as focusing on that genre. The way the audience can tell he is associated with hip hop music is from the snapback, leaning against the A instead of stood up straight and the baggy trousers. Also due to the man in red may mean the songs are explicit which means they play music with bad language which is why the target audience are for older teens and young adults. 

Scuzz is aimed at older teenagers and young adults (16-25 year olds) who listen to rock music. In the day the channel plays pop-punk, current metal and up and coming artists. In the evening the channel plays heavier music such as heavy rock, metal and punk. Artists who are are regularly played on the channel are Enter Shikari, Young Guns, You Me at Six and Deaf Havana. Scuzz has changed their logo a few times. In 2006 there black and white label was changed to a blue misty look. Then in 2007 it was changed again to a industrial style. The channel has weekly competition giving viewers the chance to win brand merchandise, guitars and concert tickets. The scuzz logo appeals to the audience as the metalic colour represents the metal/rock music they play. By having it at that colour promotes the channel as being rock like therefore gaining more viewers. Scuzz is owned and operated by CSC Media Group and owns other channels such as Bliss, Vault, and Chart Show. 




Kiss is a radio channel and a music channel which aims at young people ages between 11-25 year olds, they mainly play chart music specifically pop, hip hop and dance music. At 11 o clock in the morning each day Kiss play an hour of old school songs which are mainly garage which widens their fan base as the older generation listen in. Artists that are regularly played are Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Drake and Katy Perry. They have a website where consumers can find information on artists, whats new that week and interviews with artists. The website also has a feature called 'Kiss Kube' where people can access the channel and listen to their music online. They also have a 'Kiss Kube' app where android users can download and listen to the channel of their phone and listen anywhere which promotes the channel. They also have other music channels such as 'Kisstory' and 'Kiss Fresh' On the Kisstory channel they play all old school songs 24/7. On the Kiss Fresh Channel they play songs that have just come out which appeals to the audience. The logo appeals to all audiences as its simple and plain therefore not appealing to one type of audience. The blue makes it look cool and chilled which is appealing.

MTV music channel is broken down into different sub channels such as Base, hits, dance, rock and classic. I believe they have broken down the channel into sub channels so that the channel attracts many different types of audiences therefore the channel will be very popular. MTV suits all different types of people as they show all different types of music therefore targeting different audiences. Therefore MTV is very popular as many different audiences watch the channel.

I believe music channels are important to appealing to a target audience so that the channel will become popular. For example you Scuzz wouldnt play hip hop music as this will divert their loyal fans away as they would expect just rock music to be playing. Therefore music channels have to appeal to their target audience by playing the same type of music so that they gain a loyal fan base. 

In my opinion there are a variety of music channels so that every person has a music channel they like. Otherwise if we only had one music channel there wouldn't be any diversity and it would get boring. Its also important we  have more then one channel so that all music channels suit many different people. 

From analyzing music channels it has taught me how and why different channels appeal to different audiences and how it achieves this. Its also taught me that there are many different music channels which suit different people. From analyzing music channels it will help me with my own production as I am now able to see what type of music channels show. 

History of a music video- Miss Georgiou

A music video is a marketing tool to promote the artist and their song. Music videos engage audiences as they are able to see their music background. Over the years consumers have been able to view music videos in many different ways due to technology progressing and the industry expanding. Consumers can view their artists through many different channels and the Internet. The most recent ways audiences can watch music videos is on YouTube and Vevo which is free way for audiences to view music videos on the Internet. Another way audiences can view music videos is through Ituneshowever they have to pay therefore its not the most popular way to view music videos. If they download the music video from Itunes they are then able to watch their videos of their laptop or mobile phone anytime. The older ways of viewing music channels is on Ipods, music channels such as MTV and program's such as Top of the pops. 

The music video industry has significantly developed over the years and expanded as an industry. There are now many different ways in which audiences can view music videos. Audiences can view music videos on many different music channels which show many different genres of music therefore appealing to many different audiences. Music channels include MTV, Scuzz and Flava which each show different type of music genres to suit different audiences. Audiences can also download music videos off the Internet and view music videos of YouTube in any place which is beneficial for audiences. Therefore artists are more likely to be successful as consumers can now view their music videos literally anywhere which will boost fan numbers and views on their music videos. 

In 1884 a man named Edward B. Marks and Joe Stern hired electricians and performers to promote sales of their songs. They projected still images onto a screen to audiences as a live performance. This was called the 'illustrated song' and was the first step towards music videos.

Britain first saw music videos emerge from the TV show Top of the Pops, they began playing music videos in the late 1970's. However there were strict limits on the music videos Top of the Pops could show to consumers. From a music video being shown on the show usually it would increase the sales of the song therefore showing the importance of music videos. In 1980 Daivd Bowie achieved is first number one single 'Ashes to Ashes' due to the show promoting his music video. His music video was different to others which caught audiences attention. 

The first music channel was MTV it was launched on August 1st 1981 and played music videos 24 hours a day. MTV was the main channel which promoted music videos. By showing audiences music videos it allowed them to get a deeper meaning of the artist and their song therefore they are more likely to buy/download it. When MTV was first created its main target audience were young adults however in recent years its target audiences has expanded to teenagers as well as they play more music to suit teenagers such as 'The UK top 40'. The first music video that was aired on MTV was Buggles 'Video killed the radio star' The music video promoted MTV and helped MTV to become successful. 

Equipment to create music videos has significantly developed through out the years. First music videos were in black and white but that has changed due to high tech cameras developing and technology such as green screens being created. Editing equipment has also developed which makes music videos more interesting for audiences to watch which engages them into the music video. The creation of the green screen has allowed artists to create more diverse music videos as they can now set their music video anywhere they would like. Editing equipment which allows artists to add different visuals and edit their music videos has allowed artists to make their music video relatable to them and their music video which promotes them as an artist. An example of a music video that uses a green screen and editing equipment is Miley Cyrus 'The Climb' 

In 1983 Michael Jacksons song 'Thriller' was released. Its one of the most influential music videos of all time when it was released. The video was 14 minutes long, the longest music video to ever be created of that time. It cost $800,00 to film due to the high cost set and production. Without technology such as green screens the music video wouldn't of been as popular. 

In the recent years YouTube has become the most popular way to view music videos on. It allows artists to market their music video to a wider audience. As YouTube is free consumers can listen to all genres and different music videos therefore promoting many different genres. Therefore artists gain attract a wider audience range. The most watched music video on YouTube is PSY- Gangnam Style which was uploaded on July 15th 2012. It gained over 1,830,000,00 views. Therefore indicatin that YouTube is an extremely successful marketing tool for artists to promote their music videos on. Also artists are recognized and discovered on YouTube which shows how important the website is and how huge it is to the music industry. Justin Bieber was discovered on YouTube and is a massive artist in today's time.

Recently budgets for music videos have gone up and tend to be high, big artists in the industry tend to have high budgets for their music videos such as Justin Bieber, Katy Perry and Rihanna. By having a high budget for their videos means they can have many special features within their video therefore its more likely to be successful. The most expensive music video to ever be made was Scream by Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson. It cost $7,000,000 to make as they wanted their music video to be successful and enjoyable for the audience. Therefore showing that music videos are an important aspect for artists song to be successful. However music videos don't have to have a high budget for it to be successful, music videos just need to be interesting for it to be successful. Ed Sheeran - The A Team had a small budget but the music video was still successful and created success for Sheeran.

Music videos in the recent years have become more high quality and have many special effects to interest audiences. Music videos have also become more diverse due to special effects which catches audiences attention. Use of green screens have become popular when creating music videos as it interest audiences. Special effects have become popular within the late 90's where technology was improved. A music video which uses many special effects is 'Rihanna - We found love' Within the music video there is a time lapse which focuses the audiences attention on the artist in the music video. There is also other special effects for the audience to understand the narrative better. 

Music videos allows a song to gain more publicity and attention which persuades people to buy the song and take interest in the artist. Media channels and YouTube help artists gain attention as consumers can view their music video on there. For example on MTV 'The UK top 40 is played' and if an artists music video is played then consumers are more likely to buy it as it looks popular therefore gaining more attention. However popular artists such as Rihanna, Drake, Justin Bieber may not always need successful music videos for their music to be popular as they already have a huge fan base. 

Over the years music genres have also developed and changed. From typical music genres such as pop and classical a number of music genres have evolved over the years. New genres include: Indie, rock, dance, techno and metal. Due to having more genres in the music industry artists can target their music video to more of a specific audience therefore its more likely to be successful and artists will be able to gain more of a wider fan base. Cross genres have also developed for example pop-rock and indie-rock. This also allows the audience to target their music videos to a specific audience and helps them get a wider fan base. 

By researching into the history of music videos I have know got a good knowledge of how music videos have developed over the years and why they are important. I have also learnt the importance of YouTube and Music Channels and how they make artists successful. 

Research into Goodwins theory- Miss Georgiou

Research into Goodwin's theory- Miss Georgiou 

Goodwins theory is what he created, he came up with 7 characteristics which are produced in each music video. By having a theory it allows the audience to understand the concept of a music video.The seven characteristics are:

A relationship between the lyrics and visuals: Goodwin came up with this theory as he thought the visuals in the music video linked with the lyrics that are being sung therefore creating a detailed visualization for the audience to relate to.

Links between music and visuals- This is linking the visual imagery within the music video to aspects of the song itself which correlates with the genre of music.

Music videos demonstrates genre characteristics- This is where the music video is conventional to the genre of music for example Dance routines for girl bands or stage performance in a metal music video genre.
Demands of record label- Which means lots of close up of the artists.

Frequent reference of notion of looking a particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body.

Inter-textual reference-  this is reference to other media products such as TV and magazines.

Performance, narrative or concept based-  Videos can either be performance based where the artists perform within the video, narrative based where the music video tells a story or concept based where the artist tries to get a message across during the video. A music video can include all three concepts.

The  video I analysed was Beyonce- Dance for you. Within this video the seven concepts of Goodwins theory is used throughout the video. Firstly right at the beginning of the video the lyrics link in with the visuals which means that the audience will understand the concept of the music video more. At the beginning of the video there is a image of Beyonce looking towards the man in the office whilst singing and dancing provocatively 'wanna show you how much i really care about your heart' 'Tonight i'm gonna dance for you' This implies to the audience that the man in the office is someone who she cares about which could be her boyfriend or husband. It also implies that she appreciates him and paying him back by dancing. Whilst saying them lyrics whilst dancing and looking at him shows that she appreciates him which also creates a good image of Beyonce as well as indicating to the audience what the music video is about. By having the visuals link with the lyrics also shows what type of music video it is straight away which will attract the target audiences. Overall by having the visuals linking in with the lyrics will help the audience to understand what the music video is about therefore engaging them more into the music video. 

Furthermore the visual is of Beyonce dancing with the man singing 'This is for the time you gave me flowers" This reinforces the idea that she is repaying the man for all the nice gestures he's done for her by dancing for him in the office which creates a good image of Beyonce as it shows she is grateful promoting the artist as a good person which therefore the audience will aspire to be like her creating a loyal fan base.

Within the music video there is also a link between the visual and music to make the audience stay interested when watching the video. At the beginning of the video when the tempo of the song is slow Beyonce walks into the office mysteriously and slow which is parallel to the music which is being played over the video. By doing this makes the video more easy to watch for the audience and more interesting. It also helps the music video run more smoother and more interesting. 

 The music becomes fast paced therefore the visual of beyonces movement becomes quicker, this is shown through the use of many different shots of her dancing quickly whilst flicking her hair which correlates to the fast paced music. By having quick shots of Beyonce over the fast paced music makes the music video more interesting to watch for the audience and makes the concept of the video more clearer.

This particular music video comes under Rn B genre. It follows conventional characteristics of typical RnB music videos such as strong emotions, world of luxury and performances. By having Beyonce dancing and wearing a glamorous dress promotes her as having a luxury lifestyle whilst also having a lot of money which is typical in RnB music videos. Its also a promotion tool which allows the audiences to relate to her and look up to her as a person as she is seemed as wealthy. Also RnB videos also has choreography or a dance routine which is what Beyonce does within this music video, she follows the typical convention by having up beat dance moves which is conventional to the RnB genre.

Within this video there is no intertextual reference which shows that this music video doesn't fully follow all points of Goodwins Theory. Therefore showing that the video isn't used as a promotion tool for other media products.

During this video which is based on Beyonces performance there are a lot of camera shots within the video which can be seen as voyeuristic treatment of the female body. This is shown through the many shot reverse shots of Beyonce provocatively dancing and the man watching her, this indicates that the man views her as a sexual object as he is observing her when she is performing a sexual act. Furthermore voyeurism is present as Beyonce when dancing with the man in the office makes it personal. Also the fact that she is wearing a short dress with heels can also show that there is voyeuristic treatment of the female body however due to what she is wearing can create a good image of Beyonce as it can make girls look up to her as her image in the video shows her as glamorous.

Due to the demands of the record label there are many close ups of Beyonce throughout the video which promotes Beyonce as it clearly shows she is the artist therefore promoting the record label also. It also makes Beyonce be remembered. 

The music video is mainly performance based due to the fact that Beyonce is dancing and singing throughout her whole video. However I also believe that the music video is concept based due to the theme of 'love and gratitude' by repaying her boyfriend/husband in the office by dancing for him. The performance in the video helps get the message across more as Beyonce dances quite emotionally whilst the man watches which shows that Beyonce is extremely grateful for all that he is done for her. Without Beyonces performance I believe the concept of gratitude and being thankful would of got across as successfully.

From analysing this video it has taught me how Goodwins theory is applied to a music video. The theory points I would definitely like to include is the music linking to the visuals as I believe this makes the music video more smoother to watch for the audience and more interesting which will make my music video more successful. Within my own music video I will make sure the shots are in time with the music so that the music video is easier to watch but also will interest the audience. I would like my music video to be concept based as I believe music videos with a concept are much stronger than without. It will interest the audiences as they will need to discover the message behind it. I also would like to have the lyrics linking  to the visuals so that it makes the music video more easier to watch and will interest the audience.