Research into chosen music genre- Miss Georgiou

Our chosen music genre is indie pop, I have chosen this genre as I am interested in this type of  music. I like the style of the music which is why I want to create a music video in this genre. I am also interested in this particular genre as I believe that indie music is either narrative and concept based which is what I want to base our own music video on. I like the ways videos are created in the indie genre as they all mainly tell a story or tell lessons which I believe all music videos should. I also chose this music genre as it is less mainstream and so that I can target our video at a particular audience. The main inspiration that gave me the idea to create a video in the indie music genre is the lyrics within the song. I believe that within indie songs the lyrics are powerful and mean something to artist therefore the video will be powerful and interesting.

An artist which is similar to Ed Sheeran is Ben Howard. The artists are similar in the way that they both play guitar which is there main instrument in creating music and have similar styles in dressing. There music videos both artists create are very conventional to the indie genre, as they are located in realistic settings, not costly to produce and concept/narrative based. They also both mainly sing about love and emotions in their songs. They both follows the codes and conventions of the indie genre.
   -Ed Sheeran   - Ben Howard

The music video 'Keep your head up' by Ben Howard is narrative based and is about getting over a relationship which has caused pain and anger, I believe at the beginning of the song he is depressed and has lost his way after a relationship has broken down but during the middle of the song he starts to find himself again and becomes positive. I believe the chorus is about being optimistic and never let things get to you. The codes and conventions within this video are conventional to the indie genre. The setting is in a field which is conventional to the indie genre as they are usually set within an accessible place which doesn't cost much, the setting is in an simple place so that the audience can focus more on the lyrics and understand the narrative more. It also makes the video more realistic so that the audience will be able to relate back to the artist. The lighting within the music video is mainly low key as the music video is set at dawn, this creates a mysterious feel which is conventional to the indie genre.However the lighting does change from low key to high key throughout, this suggests that Bens mood has got better and has brightened up which makes the concept easier to understand.  The iconography within the video is the massive slide the artists go down within the music video, this makes the artist have youthfulness (a point in dyers theory) which their target audience is able to relate to therefore creating a relationship between them. By having a slide also within the video shows that the artist can enjoy themselves therefore creating a good reputation of them. Ben Howard is positioned within the middle of the frame as it shows the audience who the main artist is and so that they can focus on him. Ben Howard is wearing casual clothing such as a plain t-shirt and jeans which is conventional to the indie genre. It creates a relationship between the audience and the artist as they are able to relate to him as they will also wear casual clothing. At the end of the video you start to see Ben' facial expressions which are very happy, this helps the audience understand the narrative as at the beginning he is angry with how his relationship went but figured out that life is too short to be upset. 

- Lighting at the beginning of the video showing hes upset and depressed.

- Lighting with sun shining through showing hes getting over his depression.

- High key lighting to show hes happier and 'keeping his head up'

- The iconography within the video

- Shot showing Ben Howards conventional clothing to the indie genre.

- Ben Howard positioned in the middle of the shot

- Ben Howards facial expression showing he's happy.

There are main camera shots used within this video. At the beginning of the video there is an establishing shot which shows the audience the location of the video. Within the establishing shot the setting is shown which is a tree with Ben Howard walking along behind it. The establishing shot introduces to the audience where the music video is being set which is in the countryside on the field, this is relatable to the audience which builds a relationship between the audience and the artist. The Establishing shot tells the audience that the music video is in the indie genre as the setting is very simplistic which is conventional. Another shot which is used is a high angle when Ben is picking up water in his bucket from the lake. This links to the lyrics of the song which is a point of Goodwins theory, the high angle makes him look small which is also how he's feeling. It builds a relationship with the audience and the artist. Its also conventional to the indie genre as many indie songs are about feelings and emotions which high angles bring out. Another shot that is used is a point of view shot, this is where the camera is in the artists hands within the video so you see there point of view. This is used within the video a few times. The first time is when he is walking through the fields, the camera goes through the hay/grass within the fields. This makes the artist looks isolated and lonely which relates back to his song lyrics. It also shows the audience of his whereabouts and where he is travelling to and from. The point of view shot makes the music video look more interesting also and the shot makes the music video look more realistic which is conventional to the indie genre. Due to the shot being realistic also the audience are able to relate back to the artist. Another point in the music video where the point of view shot is used is when Ben is going down the slide, by having a point of view shot here shows the facial expression of Ben which is really happy, this also links to the lyrics as he is talking about towards the end of the song 'keeping your head up' which will also help the audience engage more into the music video. By having the point of view shot here shows that his feelings has changed during the song which will inspire his target audience. 

- Establishing shot showing the location of the music video

- High angle of Ben Howard.

- 2 different point of view shots to make the music video seem more realistic. 

The main editing style is the colours and lighting within the video, there are bright colours shone throughout the video including the sun. By having bright colours and the sun coming through sets when the music video was filmed and makes the music video more interesting. It also suggests that the sun shining through the dark trees shows that Ben has gone through a bad time and is finally starting to feel happier. There was also fast paced editing when Ben Howard and his friends were going down the slide to keep up with the speed of the music, this engages audiences into watching the music video. I believe the target audience is 11-18 year old's as the music video is about love and lessons which would appeal to that age range. The artists is represented as a typical boy due to the way he is clothed and the realistic setting, this makes the audience able to relate to him better and builds a relationship between the two. The artist is also represented as strong and determined as he gets over his heart break. 

- Color Editing.

The style of the music video is conventional to the music genre which is indie. The location is simplistic, the costume is also simple, there's a concept behind the video, long shots and establishing shots are used to show the artists outfits; these are all things which are conventional to the indie genre. However the music video doesn't have a narrative which is a typical thing for indie music videos to have. Points of 

Goodwins theory is used within the music video. There is a link between the lyrics and visuals for example the lyrics were 'I saw a friend of mine the other day' and the shot is off two boys in the trees which symbolizes that they are his friends. This may tell the audience that Ben Howard is popular which will give off a good reputation of him and people also may want to look up to him.

The video is concept based as it tells people a lesson in life. This is very conventional to the indie genre as most indie music videos have a message within the song. 

The visuals and music also links as the shots get faster when the music speed picks up. This will make the music video much more easier to watch for the audience meaning that they will engage more with the video.

There are also many close ups of Ben Howard which are for the demands of the record label. There are many close ups so that audiences will remember him and he will be see as a brand and an icon.

Another artist which is similar to Ed Sheeran is Sam Smith. They are similar in the way that they sing about similar things such as love and life lessons, the way they dress which is casual and edgy and there music videos are very similar such as realistic and simple locations, performing as well as a concept or narrative. They both follow the conventions to the indie genre however Sam Smith is more pop indie. 
- Sam Smith

The music video 'Stay with me' is performance based with a narrative behind it. The song is about how Sam had a one night stand with a girl but it isn't enough. He wants to find love and just not have a physical relationship and have an emotional one. He's telling the audience that a sexual relationship isn't just enough for men, they want love too just as much as women do. The setting within the music places is set in 3 different realistic locations. Its set within a house, on the street and in a church. These places are conventional to the indie genre as there accessible and cheap to film there. By setting it in a simple setting the audience are able to focus more on the lyrics and the concept of the music video which is about men needing love. The settings are realistic so that the audience are able to relate to the artist. By changing location will interest the audience as its not set in the same place. The lighting is unconventional to the indie genre as it is all high key however this makes the music video seem more realistic so that the audience is able to relate back to the artist. Sam Smith is placed within the middle of the shots each time so that the audience knows who to focus on within the music video. It makes Sam Smith look like a powerful artist which the audience would inspire to be like him. Sam is wearing casual clothing such as jeans and a coat which is conventional to the indie genre. It makes Sam look like an ordinary person therefore audiences are able to relate back to him. Through out the video Sam's facial expression is made clear which is upset and sorrowful, this links back to the lyrics that he is upset as he needs some emotional love. By having an upset and sorrowful look it makes Sam look like an ordinary person as his feelings are made clear which the audience will feel sorry for but will be able to relate to him. There are many different camera shots within the music video.

- High key lighting.

- Positioned in the middle.

- Shot showing his costume.

- The three different locations.

At the beginning there a long shot showing the location of the video which is an ordinary sized house. This not only shows that Sam Smith has an ordinary life meaning that the audience will be able to relate back to him, it also sets the genre of the video which is indie straight away as the audience can see that its set in a realistic and simple location. By having a simple and realistic location used within the video the audience are able to focus on the performance of Sam and the meaning of the song also. Another shot that is used many times is a close up of Sam Smiths face. This is evident throughout the video to show the audience how Sam Smith is feeling which links to the song lyrics fro example 'why am i so emotional'. By showing the facial expression of Sam makes the audience be able to relate to him therefore the audiences are able to engage within the music video. Also by showing the facial expression of Sam Smith makes him look normal. Another shot that is used is a panning shot of the bed covers. This links to the lyrics suggesting that he had a one night stand. By having the panning shot of the bed tells the story that he had a one night stand which makes the video more interesting and makes the audience understand the lyrics more. The panning shot of the bed shows the audience also that the video is going to be set in a realistic location which shows the audience that the music video is in the indie genre. Another shot that is used is a mid shot. This shows the facial expression of Sam Smith and the location also. By using a mid shot the audience can see how Sam is feeling and where he is going in the location. 

- Long shot of house

- Mid shot

- Panning shot

- Close up 

The main editing styles within the video is fast paced editing and slow pace editing. From 3.02 to 3.10 there's fast paced editing as the different shots get quicker. There's fast paced editing here as the music gets more fast paced so the visuals match with the music. After the fast paced editing the shots get slower again to match with the music speed which also gets slower. The target audience for this music video is 13-21 year olds as its talking about one night stand and love which that age would be interested in. The artist is represented as emotional and vulnerable as the close ups show his facial expression which is depressed.  The artist comes across as relatable as the music video is set in a realistic location, he's wearing casual clothing and emotional. This makes the audience inspire to be like him. The style of the music video is mainly performance based with a slight narrative behind it as within the video it shows him leaving the girls house which is unconventional to the indie genre. 

Goodwins theory points is evident within this music video. The lyrics match with the visuals for example 'why am I so emotional' and the shot is of Sam Smith looking upset. This will help the audience clearly understand the narrative of the music video. Also this will help the audience to relate to Sam Smith as they can clearly see he's upset.  

The visuals match with the music for example Sam Smith walks out of his slowly in time with the music. This makes the music video more easier and interesting to watch for the audience. It also clearly shows sams emotions which will create empathy for him.

By researching into the indie genre it has taught me the codes and conventions of the indie genre such as low key lighting, variety of shots, casual clothing and realistic locations. From researching into the indie genre I know now what conventions I need to add into my own production. I want to have a realistic location so that the audience can relate to the song, variety of camera angles so that my music video is interesting and causal clothing as this promotes the artists as being a normal person which makes them relateable.

Music video inspirations- Miss Georgiou

A song that has inspired me is 'We found love' by Rihanna ft Calvin Harris. I love this music video as it shows a lot of creativity. The music video falls into the dance genre but the music video breaks the typical convention which inspired me at it shows that the music video is unique and diverse. The setting in a dance video is usually in a club with dancers where as this video is different as its set in many realistic locations such as houses, fields and in the street. By setting the video in realistic locations the audience is able to relate to the artists creating a relationship. The music video looks realistic which has inspired me to create a realistic video as i believe it would interest the audience more. There are many shots within the video which have inspired me, there's an establishing shot at the beginning of the two flats what appears to be on a council estate, whilst lyrics come up on the screen 'its like screaming' This links to the fact that people in council estates often tend to want a better standard living of life but cant have one. This inspired me as it clearly shows that there is going to be a narrative in the video which engages me more. Another shot that has inspired me is a two shot of when Rihanna and her lover are in the bath together, this shot inspired me as it shows there love for each other which creates a strong narrative for the audience. There are also many shots of drug references such as a shot of the gambling machine and other shots of drugs which sets the theme of the video and tells the audience that Rihanna and her lover gamble and take drugs which is why there relationship has ended badly. There are many close ups of Rihannas and the males facial expression, this has inspired me to have many close ups of my artists within my video as it clearly shows the audience how they are feeling which helps the audience to connect to the artists.

I  like the grungy type of clothing the artists are wearing within the video, they both look quite mysterious and by both of the artists wearing similar clothing shows that they have great chemistry and passion together. The lighting is very inspirational, i am particularly inspired when af fast motorway is projected onto Rihanna to suggest that her obsession with drugs has grown which helps the audience to understand the narrative. The artists representation within the video is passionate with each other, high chemistry within their relationship and rebellion.The editing within the video has inspired me as it shows the relationship between the man and the woman, for example there is fast cuts to show the physical relationship between the two. There is a fast cut to show the good and bad features of the relationship which links to drug references. The fast pace editing with the up beat tempo of the song has inspired me as it makes the video feel more realistic and look more interesting.

Another video that is a massive inspiration to me is Beyonce 'Pretty hurts'. This music video has inspired me as it has a concept behind it which interested me. The concept is about that there is too much pressure on women to be beautiful on the outside in society. I would like my video to have a clear message as I believe it makes the video more powerful and more interesting to watch. At the beginning of the video there are close ups of Beyonces facial expression looking disappointing in herself and sorrowful, this makes the audience feel sorry for her which builds a relationship between them, this has inspired me to have many close ups as it shows there facial expression and helps the audience to understand the concept. At the beginning of the video Beyonce makes herself be sick which is a very powerful message which i would like to have within my own video. There are many shots within the video which represent the concept, such as the mid shot of when the man is measuring Beyonces waist and suggests that it is too big, this helps get across the message to audience which what makes the video so powerful which i want my own video to achieve. The music video style is purely just 80 percent concept based and 20 percent performance based, this has inspired me to create a performance and concept based video as 'pretty hurts' is a very powerful music video getting across a message and makes the artist 'Beyonce' look good. The artist within this song is represented as a women who isn't pretty enough in society. This makes Beyonces representation as an artist look good as she is singing about whats wrong with society. By watching this video makes me want to create a mainly concept based video as concept based videos are more powerful and interesting.

Another video that has inspired me is 'The A Team' by Ed Sheeran. This is another massive inspiration to me as I believe the video is powerful due to the message behind it. The location has inspired me as its set in a realistic place which creates realism and the audience are able to relate to the artists. The video is in black and white which links to the message of the girl being addicted to drugs as the black and white colour shows she's upset and life is dull for her. This has inspired me to have some of my video in black and white as it will make my video unique and show clearly how my artist is feeling which the audience can relate to. There are close ups within the Ed Sheeran video, this has inspired me to have many close ups within my video as it shows the feelings of the artist which draws the audience in and makes the narrative easier to understand. There is a time lapse of when the girl is sitting on the floor and everyone is walking quickly around her, this shows the audience that her way of life is slow compared to society and that she doesnt enjoy life, this has made me want to add a time lapse into my own video as it makes the audience feel sorry for the artists which will engage them into watching the video more. The music video style is indie and is conventional to the indie genre as its set in a realistic place, and has a concept behind it. I want my video to be conventional to the genre i choose as it wont make the audience confused and they clearly know what type of song it is. The make up has also inspired me as in the video she has mascara down her eyes which is conventional to the character she is playing which makes the video more powerful and the audience are able to understand the concept better. The video is purely narrative based which sends a message to fans, i would like my video to be narrative based as it makes the video more interesting and the audience will be able to engage more if there's a message behind the video.

A music video that inspired me due to the editing is Emeli sande 'Clown'. This music video has inspired me as I believe the editing is successful. The music video is in black and white throughout  which makes the video seem more realistic therefore the audience will engage more within the music video. It also enhances emotions within the video and really shows the audience how Emeli is feeling therefore the concept of the music video will be easily understood. The black and white effect links in with the lyrics and shows how emotional Emeli Sande is. Due to the video being in black and white will make the audience focus on the emotions more and help them to understand the music video. It also builds a good relationship between the audience and the artist as the audience will sympathize for the artist. I would like my music video to be in black and white or parts of it as I believe it truly helps the audience understand the concept behind the music video. It also shows how the artist is feeling therefore they will be able to relate easily to them.

Another music video that inspired me due to the editing is again Ed Sheeran - The A Team. There is a time lapse within the music video which helps the audience understand the narrative of the video. The time lapse is where the girl is sitting on the floor and everyone is walking past her quickly. This emphasises the fact that the girl has a slow pace of life compared to the rest of society which builds a relationship between the audience and the artist. It also helps the audience to understand the narrative behind the music video therefore its more likely to be successful. The time lapse helps represent the artist as vulnerable and really helps the audience to understand music video. Therefore I would like to have a time lapse within my music video as I believe it would help the audience to understand our music video and also build a relationship with the artist.

Within my own production due to my inspirations I would like to include a time lapse as I believe they make the music video very interesting and also makes the narrative easier to understand. Also make my video narrative/concept based as I believe videos with a message are more interesting as audiences will be more engaged. A variety of camera shots as this will make the music video more interesting. Lastly low key lighting and black and white lighting as I believe this brings out emotions of the artist which builds a relationship between the two.

I am considering Ed Sheeran, Pink and Justin Timberlake as my artists as most of there songs have powerful messages behind them so that I will be able to create a powerful music video with a narrative or concepts behind it. I will discuss with my group and ask for their opinions on my artists and see if they have any different ideas.

Ananlysis of a star and Dyers theory- Miss Miller

Artists may feel the need to reinvent themselves as they may want to change the genre of music they are producing as they are either bored or want to try something new which will widen their target audience also. Also they may want audiences to perceive a different image of themselves which will bring in new fans however their risking of loosing their existing fans. For example Miley Cyrus target audience was younger audiences as she used to sing pop however she changed her image to more edgy and has more older fans now. Artists may also want to change their style if they have had bad press or a bad reputation in the past for example Chris Brown had to change his image so people will perceive him differently. Artists that have been around a long time may want to change their image so that their audience wont get bored and to gain more publicity which will promote them also. Artists such as Justin Bieber when he first became an artist he had mainly younger fans but now he has widen his audiences by changing his style slightly and has more older fans now.

Richard Dyer came up with the star theory. He said that the term 'star' refers to the semi mythological set of meanings constructed around music performers in order to sell the performer to a large and loyal audience. Common values of a star include:
-Youthfulness
-Rebellion
-Sexual Magnetisum
- An anti-authoration attitude
-Originality
-Creativity/Talent
-Aggression/Anger
-A disregard for social values relating to drugs, sex and good behaviour.
- Conspicious consumption, of sex, drugs and material goods
- Success againt the odds.
A star is an image not a real person that is constructed out of a range of materials. Stars are commodities produced and consumed on the strength of their meanings. Stars depend upon a range of subsidary media- Magazines, Tv, Rdio, the internet- in order to construct an image which can be marketed to their target audience. The star image is made up of a range of meanings which are attractive to the target audiences. The star image is coherent incomplete and open. The star image is based upon two paradoxes:
Paradox one
The star must be simutaneously ordinary and extraordinary for the consumer.
Paradox two
The star must be simultaneously ordinary and extraordinary for the consumer.

An artist that has significantly changed from when she first started as an artist to now is Miley Cyrus. The conventions and her messages has significantly changed throughout her career. Miley Cyrus's big career started in 2006 when she played the lead role in Disney Channel's 'Hannah Montana'  Due to the programme being based around her singing, her songs became really popular with the young teenage female audience and became an icon. She continued her signing career after the show and became known as a 'pop princess'. 

One of the first songs Miley Cyrus produced was "Start all over" in 2007. The music video is a typical rock/pop song and follows many conventions of the rock/pop genre. Within the music video Miley is wearing black, red and white clothing which portrays her as a rock star which is conventional to the rock/pop genre, she has also got blonde highlights in her hair which make the audience perceive her as different and unique. Her make up is also heavy which is conventional to the rock/pop genre. The music video is set in a realistic place such as a skate park along a street, this is very typical setting in a pop/rock genre. The audience will also be able to relate to her easily which will build a relationship between the artist and audience. The music video is just performance based as Miley is singing towards the camera for the duration of the music video.  Her target audience which are younger fans will look up to her and inspire to be like her.This allows the audience to remember who she is and shows her as a strong pop/rock artist. With in the music video at the end Miley performs to an audience, this again is typical of a pop/rock genre and promotes Miley as an popular artist. Overall "Start all over" conforms to typical characteristics of a rock/pop genre. 

Goodwins theory is present within "Start all over". There is a relationship between the lyrics and visuals. Within the chorus the lyrics are 'out of the fire and into the fire again' whilst Miley is dancing with the fire in the background. By doing this makes the music video more interesting to watch and easier especially as her target audience at this point were young girls. It also presents Miley as a unique artist to the audience as she is dancing near fire which may also present her as a strong rock/pop singer. 

Also within the music video the visuals match with music. Miley's dancing is within time of the music beat. This makes the video more interesting and easier to watch. It also makes Miley look like a good performer which presents her as a strong artist. 

Another Goodwins theory point within the music video is that the music video is just performance based. Miley is seen dancing and singing throughout the whole of the video. This allows the audience to see that she is a strong dancer and performer which builds a relationship between the artist and the audience. 

Within the music video I believe that Miley Cyrus was portrayed as an ordinary girl, average teenager through her clothing and realistic setting. This applies to the Dyers theory as Dyer believes that music industry models around the target audience they chose. He states that celebrities are modelled by the industry just to gain profit. Stars are constructed as real people who experience relateable things. Which Miley conforms to within this music video. 

This was Miley Cyrus's first song to start off her career therefore it can be argued that she wanted to keep her young fan base from which she gained from Hannah Montanna. 

I believe the target audience at this stage of her career were young girls 8-14 year olds due to the choreographed dancing and routine. Furthermore the clothes she's wearing and how she is acting is something young girls would look up to. The music video is also set in a realistic location so that the young fan base will look up to her. I also believe her target audience were young girls at this stage as she just finished her acting career from Hannah Montanna which gained a huge fan base of young girls.  

In this music video I believe Miley just promotes to young girls to be themselves and have fun as there isnt really a message within the music video. 

In 2010 Miley released "Cant be tamed" It demonstrated major change from her previous image and music in 2007/8. The music videos in itself is extremely different as we start to see that Miley's image is changing from girl next door to a unique image. The music genre is still in the rock/pop genre however this music video breaks the typical conventions of a pop/rock music video. We see Miley Cyrus within this music video wearing dark clothing which appears to be a bird costume with also dark make up which produces a goth effect which subverts to the rock/pop genre as artists within them are usually wearing bright clothing. The lighting also subverts the pop/rock typical conventions as the lighting within this music video is low key which produces an eerie atmosphere which is unconventional for a pop/rock music video. Her old music videos were set in bright realistic locations whereas this one is set within a bird cage which shows to the audience she'changing. Within this music video there is more of a rock dance routine which differs from her old dancing. Miley Cyrus within the video is presented as rebellious and dominant whereas in her old videos she came across as happy and well behaved, this shows the audience that she is trying to change her image so people perceive her differently.

There is a relationship between the visuals and music. The lyrics 'cant be tamed' link with the visuals of her being stuck in a bird cage. This shows the audience she is now wild and her image has changed. By having the visuals match with the music also helps the audience to watch the music video as they will understand the video better. 

There is also voyeuristic treatment of the female body within this music video as she dances throughout the whole of the video and the camera is just on her body. She is also wearing a black leather leotard which can be seen as revealing. This is done to show to the audience she is attractive and her target audience is males. Furthermore there are also males looking at her body within the music video which promotes her as an icon for men. 

The music matches with the visuals within the music video. Mileys dancing speed matches with the speed of the music therefore again promoting her as a good singer and dancer which shows she still is a strong artist. 

There are many close ups of Miley to be used for the demands of the record label. Close ups make the audience remember her and also makes her a product so that she is recognizable and can be indentified anywhere. By using close ups build a relationship between the audience and the artist as the audience can see her emotions clearly which makes them relate to her therefore they are more likely to buy her songs which will make a profit.  

Dyer states that a star is an image and not a real person. Stars are constructed through advertising, magazines, films and music videos. Within this music video I believe that Miley is constructed as an image not a real person due to the setting/location and her costume which shows to the audience she isnt a normal person. Also through her dancing shows her confidence and her unique style which allows the audience to idolise her as a product not a human being. Therefore she has been constructed to make a profit. Miley also shows rebellion, originality within her music video which follows dyers theory. 

Her target audience for this video has dramatically changed from the video before due to the nature of the music video and the way her image has changed from a typical teenage girl to a goth like women. In my opinion I believe her target audience has changed from young girls to 17-25 year old girls and boys. Her reputation has changed from the 'pop princess' to an outspoken girl through her costume, setting and cinematography throughout the video. Her image has changed dramatically and also her style of music therefore her target audience has changed. 

Within this music video she also gives out a different message to her previous song. In the other song she was just full of life dancing whereas this one conveys a different message. The theme and message of this song is about romance and sex which will change her target audience completely. She's trying to show the audience a different side of her to gain a more wider target audience. 

In 2013 Miley Cyrus produced "We cant stop" which shows again she has changed her image from her two previous videos. The genre of this music video has changed from pop/rock to hip hop however she breaks the conventions as she wants to shown as unique and diverse artist. Normally within a Hip hop music video you expect to see a narrative but also with performance such as dancing whereas within this music video its very random and you just see Miley partying with odd things occurring. Also you expect to see a club setting within a hip hop music video whereas in this music video its set in a house. The lighting also subverts the typical hip hop lighting within music videos, the lighting is high key with no strobe lighting which subverts the hip hop genre. I believe Miley Cyrus breaks the conventions to show audiences she is different and wants to be noticed. 

The visuals match the lyrics within the music video. For example "Dancing with Miley and on the screen are people dancing with Miley. I believe this is done to show that Miley has a high reputation therefore audiences will look up to her. It also makes the music video easier to watch therefore audience will engage more within the music video. 

There are many close ups of Miley throughout the music video. I believe this is done due to the demands of the record label. By having many close ups builds a relationship between the audience and artist as they can clearly see her facial expression therefore they will be able to relate to her easily. Also many close ups will mean they will be able to remember her easily also. 

There is also voyeuristic treatment of the female body. This is displayed by her provocative dancing and her revealing outfit. Also there are many shots of her body which show off her assests. The purpose of this is to show that she is a sex symbol and males find her attractive. It will also make other females inspire to be like her, also increasing her fan base. 

Dyers star theory states that stars are made just for money which can be argued why Miley has changed her image from girl next door pop princess to a raunchy sex icon, it illustrates to us that the star is treated like a product as she has changed her image to meet the demands of the record label. Dyers theory states that this is done so that it suits the audience and gives them what they want which will also benefit the institutions. Miley cyrus has become a brand an idenity in which people want to become like, they may change their hair cut to look like Mileys for example. 

Also Mileys behaviour within the music video will be copied as she is now a brand. 

Mileys target audience for this video has changed again to older teenagers due to the partying theme and getting drunk. I believe she has done this to show her audiences she can conform to different styles therefore she will build a big fan base. The content within the music video wouldn't appeal to her younger fan base. 

Miley has changed from the beginning of her career to now as she has got older but also the demands of the music industry has made her change her image to gain profit. By changing she has gained a different fan base and people perceive her differently. 

The message within this music video is to do drugs, have fun, party and do what you want. The song promotes drugs as a good thing due to the random stuff happening in the video and the happy artists within it. She has a more laid back approach towards drugs which promotes the audiences that shes out of control. 

In conclusion, from "start all over" to "We cant stop" we can see that Mileys image has significantly changed. Miley had a innocent image changing into more of a goth image to finally a raunchy sex icon. Audience can see her different styles. I believe she has changed so that she can gain publicity which will earn her and her record labels more profit. I also believe she has changed due to age therefore she didn't want her fan base to be young girls and wanted to attract more of a older fan base. By changing also shows the audience she can conform to different styles which will make her have a good reputation. 

This research will help me to choose an artist for my own music video as I can now see what conventions each genre conform therefore showing me what genre will be easiest to film. It also has taught me to how to target to a specific target audience through micro elements.

Applying for music copyright

Copyright is a legal concept which is enforced by governments in the UK, giving a creator of an original work exclusive rights to it. Copyright gives artists protection over there work for example The Beatles have used copyright to protect people from using their own songs. If the artist has died the public will be able to use their work. Some songs and albums have copyright protection meaning that you cannot record it onto another CD or burn it onto your computer as this would be breaking the law. If you use samples of music within your work for example you need to ask permission from the artist before you do so. 

My group needed to apply for copyright to be allowed to use the artists song which is Ed Sheeran - Runaway. If we didn't ask for permission our video would be taken off Youtube and we could also end up going to court for copying an artists song. To get permission from the artist we had to find our there record labels email and send an email to them asking for permission to use the song. 

This is the mail we sent to Ed Sheerans record label.











We are still waiting for a response from Ed's record label, we are aware that they are very busy and may not reply for a long time meaning that we have carried on with planning our music video. 

Analysis of music genres- Miss Georgiou

Music videos appeal to different audiences by the use of editing, camera shots and mise-en-scene. Music videos have different concepts to interest different types of audiences for example performance, concept or narrative. By having an appealing music video it will make the music seem more interesting also which will gain many more fans. Depending on what the music videos target audience is depends on what type of music video is created. For example Eminems music videos would may contain violence and dark settings due to the rap genre he sings. 

The first music video i analysed was 'over' by the artist Drake. Drake is a rap artist and many of his videos are conventional to the rap genre. When analysing the music video i specifically looked at micro elements such as mise-en-scene, cinematography and editing. 

During the music video there is a close up of drake. This is evident when drake is sitting on his bed singing looking up into the camera. By having this camera shot here helps to get across drakes feelings towards the audience better. By having a close up expresses his emotions and feelings more therefore the audience can have a better understanding of the lyrics and how he's feeling at that moment in time which will interest them more in the video. The lyrics whilst there is a close up on Drake is 'I know way to many people here right now that i didn't know last year' by having a close up here makes the audience feel sorry for him and are able to understand his emotions more.

 Another shot during the video is an high angle shot. This is evident when drake is sitting on the bed singing about women. By using  high angle also express drakes emotions and makes him look small which comes across to the audience that he's angry. By also using a high angle shot it expresses that he in in pain which the audience would want to carry on watching the video as they would like to learn more about how he is in pain. The shots that have been used are conventional to the rap genre as it demonstrates the artist emotions which is typical in the rap genre as they rap about how they are feeling. 

Within this video there is many editing that is being used. The different editing techniques not only interests the audiences more but helps the audience also understand what the song is about. Within the video there is different coloured tint and flashing lights(colour filters) throughout the video. The flashing lights which are fast paced show that Drakes life have sped up which helps the audience to understand the video. In one bit of the video there is flashing lights on his faces to show that Drake is isolated which links with the lyrics. The colour filters are mainly used at the beginning when Drake is in the bedroom. The colour of the tint is red and orange which suggests that Drake is in anger or in pain which interest the audience more. The coloured tints also represent that his life have changed which is why he is in anger. Another editing shot which is used is timing of shots. At the beginning of the video the timing of shots are slow where Drake is speaking about his life so that the audience can engage and understand the lyrics more, the tempo speeds up and Drake starts rapping, this is done to not only interest the audience but to show that drake is emotional as he is rapping directly into the camera.

The mise-en-scene that is evident within this helps the audience to understand how Drake is feeling. The costume that Drake is wearing is typical to the rap genre, he's wearing a red jacket with jeans and a few chains. The fact that the jacket is red is may shows that he is angry and in pain. It relates to the fact that he's going through a lot of emotions. Throughout the video Drakes costume changes when he switches locations, this suggests to the audience that he his emotions have changed from angry to happy. By having a conventional costume the audience are able to relate to him.Drakes positioning throughout the video is always in the centre of the camera, by having Drake in the centre promotes him as the main artist and the audiences should just have their focus on him. It builds a relationship with him and his target audience and shows to the audience that he is important. Behind Drake in one part of the video there are faded people walking behind him whilst he stands out which also shows the audience that he is the main artist and they should have their attention on him.

The second video I analysed was 'Club cant handle me' The genre of this music video was dance and the music video was very conventional to its genre. There are many camera shots within this video which promotes the artist and the location of the song (the club) There is a high angle shot when Flo Rida is on top of the audience showing a clear view to the audience of the club and that everyone is having a good time. It also promotes the artist as being fun which will produce more fans. The high angle especially shows that all the audience is enjoying the club which is conventional to the dance genre. By having a high angle when Flo Rida is on top of the crowd dancing shows that he is the main artist and everyone should have his focus on him. Also having a high angle shows the location of the music video which is the Club. 

Another shot that is used is a long shot right at the beginning of the video when Flo Rida is getting out of the sports car. By having a long shot of the cars and Flo Rida promotes him as being wealthy therefore audiences will inspire to be like him. Also by using a long shot on the car  makes the audience want to watch more of the video as it will interest them into his lifestyle. Within the long shot also we see that Flo Rida throws money, this shows the audience that he has a wealthy lifestyle which makes people inspire to him.

There are many editing shots used within the music video. There is a split screen being used where in one half of the screen people are trying to get into the club by running through different shops and the other half of the screen is people dancing in the night club. This follows goodiwns theory where the lyrics link with the visuals as the 'club cant handle me right now' references to the people trying to get into the club. By having a split screen it interests the audience as there are two things to watch. It also makes the club seem more realistic as there are people running to it. Another editing shot that is used is fast editing, this is evident as the music speeds up from the beginning to the middle. Fast editing is conventional to the dance genre as its the speed of everyone dancing, it makes the club stand out and look interesting. The fast pace editing creates a party atmosphere.

The mise-en scene within the video is very conventional to the dance genre. The setting of the music video is in the club which is very conventional to the dance genre. By having the location at the club means that the lyrics match with the visuals as the song is called 'club cant handle me' By having a conventional location means that the audience wont get confused and will be able to relate back to the artist.The iconography that is used is bottle of champagne, this evident when there brought out into the club with sparklers in them. It relates back to the party atmosphere as people normally drink champagne within club. It also shows that Flo Rida is wealthy which promotes the artist as being rich. The lighting is also very conventional to the dance genre. There is strobe lighting and flashing lights which is always played in a club environment, by having flashing lights and strobe lighting makes the video seem more realistic which will interest the audience in the video more.

Another video i analysed was Green Day -American Idiot in which this song and band produced rock music. Green day follow typical rock conventions when they made this video. There are many different camera shots that follow the typical conventions of a rock band. There is a panning shot of when Green Day when there performing, by using a panning shot Green day are able to show there emotions as they are all in the camera shot. The panning shot also shows the audience the the location of the video which they are able to relate to as the location is very conventional to the rock genre. Another shot that is used a close up of one of the singer in Green day. This is done to show the audience the emotions of Green day which is anger towards America so that the audience understand. The close up is also used so the audience keep their focus on him. 

An editing shot that is used within the music video is flashing lights. This is conventional to the rock genre as the flashing lights create a freaky atmosphere. There is dark flashing lights when the band has paint all over them. The flashing lights suggest to the audience that they are angry which makes them to be able to relate back to them. The flashing lights create a rock feel atmosphere. Another editing shot was fast paced editing. This is conventional to the rock genre as it keeps up with the speed of the music and the band dancing. By making shots change really quickly creates a rock atmosphere as they dance and headbang quickly which the audience would be able to relate back too. 

The mise en scene within the video is very conventional to the rock genre. The location is at a studio where the band our performing with a green american flag and green paint. Having the location in a studio where the band is performing is very conventional to the rock genre as mainly all rock videos are performance based. Also by having the colour green paint and green flag promotes the artist as they are called 'Green' day. By having the location of the video in a studio with just the band performing the audience are able to relate to them and also keep there main focus on them. The costume the whole band was wearing was also very conventional to the rock genre. They all had dark clothing on aswell as dark makeup. This creates a rock like atmosphere and promotes the artist as being a rock band. By also having dark clothing it suggests that they are angry about something which the audience will be intrigued by.  

From looking at different music genres I have learnt the conventions of each genre and how music videos conforms to them therefore when I come to create my own music video I will understand how to conform to the music genre. 

Why would an artist choose to make a diverse music video? Miss Miller

Diverse means going against the normal conventions of a music video, for example to make an indie music video diverse there will be unconventional features such as strobe lighting. Diverse also means being very different. Artists may decide to make there music video unique as they want to promote to the audience their own personality which allows the audience to understand them as a person. There are many ways to make your music video unique and diverse. Many directors can make there music videos diverse and unique through just not following typical conventions of that music video and going against goodwins theory. For example in a pop music video you expect to see a club scene and everyone dancing however directors who wants to be diverse may go against the typical conventions and have a music video you would expect to be in the rock genre. Also if an artist decides to break censorship the music video is likely to be more unique and different however may not be shown on TV or music channels as it may be unsuitable which is a disadvantage of creating a diverse music video. Furthermore a theme of a music video can make a music video to be diverse and unique as directors or artists try to incorporate odd ideas into their music video to make is more entertaining for the viewers. Being diverse interests audiences as its different to other music videos which will interest them and would want to find out more about the artist. The music video will also stick in the audiences head meaning that the music video is more likely to be successful.


I analysed two directors Chris Cunnigham and Michael Gondry whoms creates music videos that do not confrom to stereotypical genre characteristics.
Chris Cunningham is a British Director whos worked with Aphex Twin, Autechure and Madonna. He's mainly directed music videos for ambient music and electronica. He's a controversial director, people either love his videos or do not understand them as they dislike abstract videos. However due to his different and unique videos he stands out from other directors and is widely known and also won some awards because of it such as MTV breakthrough video and nominated for a Grammy award for best short form music video . He produces quite gothic, dark music videos which produces a gloomy atmosphere. Many of his music videos resemble scary films. Also many of his videos are narrative based and goes against typical conventions of electronica music. He does this so people remember who he is and sticks in the mind of audiences. 
- Chris Cunningham




'Come to Daddy' music video is in the dance/techno genre and is constructed like a short film. As its a dance/electronic video you would expect to see a club scene and girls dancing around however its set on a council estate and is quite a disturbing video where younger audience may find it offensive. Its set in a dark gloomy location and therefore creates fear for the audiences as they cannot see the location clearly and also confusion as they wouldn't expect a dance/techno song to be set in a dark place. The artists within the music video have scary faces which puts the audience on edge when watching the music video. The artists are short men who are dressed as school children. This element is very diverse and can be seen as disturbing. It also could be breaking the censorship laws. Due to having children within the music video shows he's an unique artist and very different. Therefore the location and people within the music breaks the typical conventions of a dance/techno music video which makes the video diverse.

'Come to daddy' only has one element of Goodwins Theory featured within the music video. The lyrics match with visuals for example ' come to daddy' with children running around. As a result of not many features of Goodwins theory not present in the music video shows how unique and diverse the music video. It also shows evidence that it was not allowed to be shown on music channels such as MTV due to the content as it could be harmful.

Aphex Twins music video follows the style of a short film therefore has an aspect of a narrative running throughout. However this is unconventional to the dance/techno genre therefore showing the audience that the director is unique in his work. You would expect to see a performance aspect within a dance/techno video. On the other hand it does follow some conventions of dance such as flashing lights and fast paced editing. The narrative means that the music video is structured with a beginning, middle and end which therefore allows the music video to flow consistently for the whole duration. Therefore the audience can watch the music video with ease.

Throughout the whole of the music video the representation of the artist is not provided to the audience. This is because the artist is not present with the music video. So that the audience have to build there own opinion of the artist from what they perceive from the music video. Due to the fact that the music video is inappropriate and diverse it may result in a negative view of the artist so that they do not wish to watch any more of their music videos.

Chris cunninghams diverse directing style is evident within Madonnas 'Frozen' music video. Madonnas music videos are usually performance based and typical of the pop genre with her mainly dancing. However within this music video it deviates from the typical genre characteristics for an electronic/pop music video.  Which also subverts the typical representation of Madonna and she is seen as dark within this music video. Dark colours are a main focus throughout the duration of the music video. Madonna is dressed in all black which comes across as quite gothic, shes standing in an alone deserted location which produces and eerie atmosphere and shows Madonna as a gloomy person. Within the video she turns into black birds which connotes to death. The setting is quite dark and appears to be in an isolated land which creates an eerie atmosphere. The dog within the music video makes the video look like a scary film. Therefore overall the elements within this music video subvert the typical characteristics of a pop music video which may scare audiences.

Goodwins theory is present within the music video. The lyrics match to the visuals. For example 'You only see what your eyes want to see' which links to the fact that the music video contains diverse characteristics. Also the lyrics 'love is a bird' matches with the visuals on screen as she turns into birds, this makes the music video more easier to watch for the audience. It also tells the audience that the birds are a symbol of love which will help them to understand the narrative better. 

Frozen music video is 90% performance and 10% narrative. Its mainly performance as Madonna is seen singing towards the camera. The narrative element of the music video is only made clear due to the birds which symbolizes love and death. The animals within the music video represent a gothic atmosphere. The dark colours represents that maybe love is like death and she is upset over a breakup.Therefore this music video wouldnt really appeal to her typical audience due to the dark colours and dark topic. 

Overall the representation of Madonna within this music video is not herself, she is represented as dark and gothic whereas usually in her other videos she's is happy. Her clothing is dark which makes her seem dull and boring. The setting of the music video links in with the song title 'frozen' as its an isolated location which links in with the idea of being alone.Viewers may view Madonna as scary which may prevent them from watching the music video.

I think that Cunningham has created this video as Madonna wants to show to her audience that she can sing different things not just her usual style which will open up her target audience. I believe she has changed her image to keep people interested in her as she has been in the music industry a long time therefore people could be getting bored of her usual style.

Michael Gondry is another director whose music videos are diverse. Micheal Gondry is french whom also is a film-maker, film director as well as music director. He is diverse when producing music videos as he doesn't follow typical conventions. Michael Gondry creates music videos using illusions and unusual visuals that aren't scary.  A artist he worked with is the white strips and produced their song 'The darkest button to button'This group produces music in the alternative rock section.

Within the music video there were typical conventions of rock music as the instruments that were being used in the video are guitars and drums. The artists wore rock like clothing which were red and black in colours. The colours within the music video are typical of the rock genre which is red and black. The shots are also conventional to the rock genre such as straight cuts which make the video jumpy. 

There is very little Goodwins theory present within the music video. The lyrics match up to the visuals as the artists are singing about a red box and presented is a red box in the video which makes the music video more interesting to watch. However by having little elements of Goodwins theory within the music video audiences may find it boring and repetitive.

The music video is just performance based which is typical of the rock genre. The women artist is playing the drums whereas the man is on the guitar. Therefore this will build a relationship between the audience and artists however it may bore them as there is no hidden meaning or concept. 

The representation of the artists is not very clear as the audience can just see them performing which may disinterest them into watching the music video as a relationship isn't built. 


- Michael Gondry
Gondry also worked with Kylie Minogue producing the song 'Come into my world' Even though that Gondry is a diverse director the characteristics within this music video were conventional to the pop genre. It was located in a town which was typical and kylie was wearing conventional clothing such as jeans and boots. This is very typcial of the pop genre which will attract audiences. It will also build a relationship between the audience and the artist as they will be able to relate to her. 

The only point of goodwins theory was that the lyrics link to the visuals. The lyrics came onto the screen and kylie popped into her world. This will make the music video more easier to watch and easier to understand. However as there is little evidence of goodwins theory audiences may get bored and not engage with the music video. 

Kylie walks around in circles within the music video which will leave the audience confused and may disinterest them into watching it. Its also performance based therefore the audience may get bored as there is no hidden meanings behind the lyrics.

Both Gondry and Cunningham are both dirverse directors but both have there own different style. Cunningham produces more dark gothic videos which will probably be banned on music channels whereas Gondry produces unique videos but less explicit then Cunningham and viewers wont find them offensive. They use similar editing technique for example both uses fast paced editing, in Gondrys video 'the darkest button to button he edited the drum and guitar to move quickly and in Cunninghams video 'Come to daddy' he used fast paced editing when the tempo got quicker. The benefit of working with a diverse actor like Gondry and Cunningham is that your video is likely to get a lot of publicity meaning that it promotes you as an artist. However not all there songs would be on music channels unless they were censored.

The advantages of creating a diverse video is that the video will be unique and stand out to the audience which will gain publicity and the artist may gain more fans. However disadvantages of creating a diverse video is that it may not be shown on a music channel due to censorship therefore less people see it. Also audiences may find it offensive which will deter them away from watching the music video. Also they may find it strange therefore the representation of the artist will go down. 

I wouldn't want to make a diverse music video as its hard to appeal to a target audience, they also come across a bit scary which will make the artist look bad.